292 XXXVIII. TILIACE^. 



TRIBE I. BROWJJLOWIE.S. Sepals connate into a 3-5-fid cup. Anthers usually globose 

 or didymous, cells at length confluent at the tips. Broviil'n-i, Kenya, Christiana, &c. 



TRIBE II. GREWIE*;. Sepals distinct. Petals pitted at the base. Stamens inserted at 

 the top of the torus; anthers short ; cells parallel, distinct. Grewia, Colombia, Triumfetta, 

 Heliocarpus' 



TRIBE III. TILIEJ;. Sepals distinct. Petals not pitted at the base. Stamens inserted 

 close to the petals. Entelea, Sparmannia, Corchorus, Luhea, Mollia, Muntingia, Tilia, &c. 



TRIBE IV. APEIBEJ:. Sepals distinct. Petals not pitted at the base. Stamens inserted 

 close to the petals ; anthers erect, linear, tipped by a membrane, cells parallel. Glyplicca, 

 Apciba. 



Series B. Heteropetalese. Petals or sepaloid, t>r incised, often pubescent, not clawed, 

 valvate, rarely imbricate or contorted. 



TRIBE V. PROCKIE;E. Anthers digynoua, subglobose, cells dehiscing longitudinally. 

 Frock ia, llasscltia. 



TRIBE VI. SLOANE.E. Anthers linear, cells dehiscing at the top. Torus flat or turgid ; 

 sepals and petals inserted close to the stamens. Vallea, Sloanea, Ecliinocarpw, Antholoma. 



TRIBE VII. ELEOCARPE.E. Anthers linear, cells dehiscing at the top. Petals inserted 

 around the base of a glandular torus with stamens at its top. Anstotclia, Elceocarpus, Dubou- 

 zdia, &c. ED.] 



Tiliacea and Ela-ocarpcfr, which formerly formed two families, have been united by Endlicher and 

 Kentham and Hooker fil. ; the latter have joined Prockia to them, which was formerly placed in Buinea, 

 but from which they differ in their axiie placentation. Tiliace<p are connected with the tribe Buttneriea> 

 of Storculinccte by their valvate calyx, their petals which are hypogynous or 0, numerous stamens, fleshy 

 albumen, woody stem, alternate stipulate leaves, and stellate pubescence ; besides which, in Elceocarpca; the 

 iiuluplicate base of each petal embraces a group of stamens as in liuttiieriea, though in Elceocarjwee there 

 is further one isolated stamen left opposite each sepal. They are similarly related to Malvacea-, which also 

 differ in their one-celled anthers. They also approach Camelliacete in polypetalism, hypopyny, polyandry, 

 the connate filaments, apical dehiscence of the anthers (observable in the genera Sauranja and Penta- 

 phyla.r), the several-celled ovary, &c. ; but the valvate icstivation of the calyx separates them. Finally, 

 they have more than one point of analogy with Chl&nacctE ; but these are distinguished by their imbricate 

 calyx, and especially by the urceolate filaments. 



Most TiUacca; are tropical ; a few inhabit the temperate northern hemisphere, and some are found 

 beyond the tropic of Capricorn. Sroicnloma and the allied genera are tropical Asiatic and African ; 

 Grmcia and Cot-chorus are natives of the hot parts of the Old World ; Sparmannia, of tropical and South 

 Africa ; Luhea, of tropical and subtropical America ; Tilia, of Europe, temperate Asia, and North America ; 

 Prockia, Hasscltia, Vallea, Sloanea, of tropical America ; Arutofelia, of Chili and New Zealand ; El<co- 

 cnrpux, of tropical Asia and Australasia; Antholoma and Diiliouzetia, of New Caledonia, &c. 



The useful species of Tiliaccte are rather numerous. The inner bark of Tilia parvifolia and grandifolia 

 (the European Limes) contains an astringent mucilage, which is used in Germany AS a vulnerary, and 

 its tenacious fibres are used for making cord ; the sugary sap of their trunk is fermentable and yields 

 an agreeable vinous liquor ; their wood is easily worked and affords excellent charcoal ; the flowers, of a 

 balsamic odour, are much used in infusions, and are antispasmodic and diaphoretic, and become astringent 

 when used with the large bract which accompanies them. Triumfetta and Sparmannia africana are 

 mucilaginous plants, and used as emollients. Throughout the tropics, the young fruits and leaves of 

 Cvrchonis olitorim, when cooked and seasoned, are used as potherbs ; its seeds are purgative. C. trirfm*, 

 (i< nt<tn<julnx, and dcpressus are also eatable, and the Arabs employ their tenacious cortical fibres for making 

 cords or coarse mats. [Jute, the fibre of C. capsulari*, has of late become the rival of hemp in the English 

 market; many thousands of tons being annually imported from India. ED.] Greivia orienfalis and 

 nu'iTocox are valuable for their aromatic bitter bark and astringent leaves ; the wood of fl. i-l<i*li<-u is 

 much valued on account of its flexibility, which fits it for bow-making. [The fruits of G. wmrocosjind 

 asiatica are grateful, and extensively used for sherbet in North-western India. Various other 



