LXXV. LEGUMINOS^. 373 



C". conacea, of tropical Asia, yields the very astringent pods [called Divi Divi], used in tanning leather. 

 [C. Snppan yields the red Sappan-wood of Eastern India and Ceylon.] 



Castanospermum australe, an Australian tree, yields edible seeds called Australian chestnuts. 



Sophora tomentosa. A tree whose roots and seeds are used in India to arrest choleraic vomiting. 



The flowers of Styphnolobium japonicum are used in China as a yellow dye. 



Myroxylon peruifcrwn, a Peruvian [Central American] tree, yields a sweet-smelling liquid balsam, 

 composed of a resin, an oil, and a peculiar acid (cinnamic). M. toluiferum, a Columbian tree, [is supposed 

 to] produce the Balsam of Tolu, a similar substance, used in chronic pulmonary catarrh. 



Cwimarouna \_Dipte ryx~\ odorata, a Guiana tree with very hard and heavy wood, yields Tonquin 

 Beans, which contain a very odoriferous crystallizable principle (coumarine), and are employed to perfume 

 snuff. 



Andira surinamensis, inermis, racemosa, c., tropical American trees, contain narcotic-acrid principles, 

 which are emetic, purgative, narcotic and vermifuge. 



Geoffroya vermifuya and spinulosa, Brazilian trees, of which the seeds possess an acrid and volatile 

 principle, and are used as anthelminthics. 



DaJbergia latifolia [and other species], of Brazil, India, and Africa, afford Rosewood, as do many 

 species of Mach<erium. 



Pterocarpm Draco, a West Indian tree, yields by incision of its bark Dragon's Blood, a red astringent 

 resin. [P. erinaceus yields the African Rosewood and Kino, and P. santalinus, the red Sanders-wood, used 

 to dye red-brown.] 



Butea frondosa [and S. superba~\, trees of tropical Asia, yield by incision an astringent juice, named 

 Eastern Kino; [and the flowers of B. frondosa afford an orange-yellow dye]. 



Drepanocarpus senenalensis, an African tree, produces the true or Gambia Kino. 



Abrus precatorius is a tropical African and Asiatic climber, introduced into America, whose root 

 yields a liquorice, and its red shining seeds, with a black hilum, are used for chaplets and necklaces 

 [and as weights, called Retti (the origin of the word carat") ; each seed weighs one grain very exactly]. 



Dolichos Lablnb [and other species are] Indian herbs with farinaceous edible seeds. Some neighbour- 

 ing genera (as Pachyrrhizns) have tuberous rhizomes and edible seeds. 



Phaseolus vulgaris is an Indian or American climber, or dwarf herb, the young sugary pods of which 

 are mucilaginous, and the seeds (haricots) farinaceous and edible. 



\_Ctcer arietinum, the Chick Pea or Gram of India, is extensively cultivated in South Europe and the 

 East for its edible seeds : its herbage yields so strong an acid (oxalic P) that shoes are spoiled by walking 

 through a field of it. ED.] 



Faba vidyaris (Bean), Pisum sativum (Pea), Ervum Lens (Lentil), are annual herbs with farinaceous 

 edible seeds ; those of Ervum Ervilia are poisonous, [as are those of some Phaseoli and Lathy ri}. 



Apios tuberosa, Psoraka cscitlenta and hypoy&a, are North American herbs with tuberous, starchy, 

 edible rhizomes. 



Alhagi Maurorum is a West Asiatic and tropical and subtropical African shrub, from which exudes 

 Persian Manna, a substance analogous to the Manna of the Ash, and possessing the same properties. 



Mucuna pmriens is ah Indian annual, the pod of which is covered with stiff stinging hairs [called 

 Cowitch, and used as an anthelminthic]. The seed is called Donkey's Eye, from the large, pupil-like areola 

 on the testa. 



Onolrychis satira (Sainfoin) is a perennial cultivated herb which furnishes an excellent fodder. 



[sEschyttomene aspera, a marsh shrub of India, has a very soft light wood, extensively used for making 

 hats, under the name of &hola. ED.] 



Arachis hypogaa is an annual Brazilian herb which buries its fruit to ripen the seeds. Its oily and 

 starchy seeds (Earth-nuts) are both used as food and much valued by manufacturers on account of their 

 bland oil ; three and a half millions of pounds of these are annually imported into France alone. 



Voandeseia subterranea, a Madagascar herb with hypogaeous pods like those of Arachis, also yields 

 edible seeds. 



Lathyrm tuberosm is a perennial climbing herb with a feculent sugary rhizome, much cultivated 

 before the introduction of the potato. 



Vicia sativa (Vetch) is an annual climbing herb, cultivated for forage. 



