386 LXXVI. ROSACE^E. 



CtJRYSOBALANE^l, Benth. et HooJc.fil. 



Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, quite entire. Flowers asymmetrical. Calyx ebrac- 

 teolate ; lobes usually deciduous. Stamens unilateral, or in a complete whorl. Carpel 1 ; 

 style basilar ; ovules 2, ascending. Fruit coriaceous or drupaceous, not included in the calyx- 

 tube (receptacular cup). Radicle inferior. 



PRINCIPAL GENERA. 



Chrysobalanus. Licania. Moquilea. Parinarinm. 



Parastemon. Couepia. Lecostemon. Stylobasium. 



QUILL AJEJE, Benth. et Hook.fil. 



Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, coriaceous, rarely pinnate. Calyx ebracteolate ; lobes 

 usually persistent. Stamens 510-20. Carpels free or connate; ovules one or more, ascending 

 or pendulous. Fruit of 5 cocci or follicles, or a capsule, not included in the calyx-tube 

 (receptacular cup), inferior and indehiscent in Pterostemon. Seeds usually broadly winged. 



PRINCIPAL GENERA. 

 Q.uillaja. Kagenackia. Lindleya. Eucryphia. ED.] 



Each of the tribes composing the entire group of Roaacea may be considered as a separate family. 

 Amygdaleee approach Chrysolalane<e ' in their 5-merous calyx and corolla, the insertion and number of the 

 stamens, the drupaceous fruit, the exalhuminous embryo, the woody stem, and the alternate simple 

 stipulate leaves ; Chrysobalanea differ in their eglandular petiole, the [usually] inequilateral calyx, 

 unequal stamens smaller and often sterile on the side on which the calyx is least developed, erect 

 seed, and the absence of hydrocyanic acid. Rosaces, as a whole, strongly resemble Legwninoser in habit, 

 in the alternate stipulate often pinnate leaves, sometimes precisely like those of some Papilionaceee 

 (Osteomeles, Jlorkelia). Amygdalecc especially are closely allied to Leguminosai by their axillary inflores- 

 cence, 5-merous calyx, imbricate corolla, solitary carpel, and glandular petioles resembling those of Mimoses, 

 like which order they further secretegum. The leguminous Papilionacca; scarcely differ save in the irregular 

 corolla, definite stamens, and [often] connate filaments ; but in some genera of Leguminous the flowers 

 are regular or sub-regular (Hsmato.rylon, Labichea, Bauhinia, &c.), the filaments are free (Csalpinia, 

 Cassia, Oymnocladut, Gleditschia, Hymensa, &c.), and, as an additional affinity, the fruit is sometimes a 

 drupe (Detarium). Hence the only absolute distinctive character between these orders is in the calyx, 

 of which the odd sepal is anterior in Leguminoss, and next the axis in Rosaces (see the diagrams). 



Rosaces are connected with Saxifrages by Spirsaces, and particularly by the genus Neviusia, the 

 seed of which is albuminous [as in various other genera, as Neittia, Eucryphia, &c.]. They approach 

 Cephalotece through Dryades (see these families). Ad. Brongniart has noticed an incontrovertible 

 affinity between Pomaces and Cupulifers woody stem rich in tannin, alternate stipulate leaves, inferior 

 ovary with many two-ovuled cells, anatropous ovules, exalbuininous embryo ; the diagnosis almost 

 entirely rests on the absence of petals and on the ovules, which in CupuKfera are pendulous. Finally, an 

 analogy has been indicated by R. Brown between Amygdales and Thymeles, founded on the insertion of 

 the stamens, the monocarpellary pistil, oblique 1 -celled one-ovuled ovary, pendulous ovule, subterminal 

 style, drupaceous fruit, and exalbuminous embryo with fleshy cotyledons; but Thymeleee differ in the 



1 Omitted in the original. Regarded as a tribe of Rosaces by Bentham and Hooker fil., and as such inserted 

 above. ED. 



