CXXII. COMPOSITE. 



495 



their inflorescence, in the epigynous statniniferous tubular corolla, one-celled ovary, solitary pendulous 

 ovule, and albuminous seed ; but the opposite leaves, imbricate aestivation, and free anthers render 

 the identification easy. 



Brongniart has placed Dipsacece and Caprifoliacea in the same class ; their analogies are founded on 

 their epigynous corolla, aestivation, pendulous and anatropous ovule, axile embryo in a fleshy albumen, and 

 opposite leaves ; but the inflorescence, 1-celled ovary, solitary ovule, and apical placentation form a promi- 

 nent line of demarcation. 



Dipsacea inhabit temperate and hot regions of the Old World and of Africa situated beyond the 

 tropics. The rhizome and leaves of some Dipsacece are medicinal, containing a bitter-sweet slightly astrin- 

 gent principle. Scabious is administered as a depurative in cutaneous disorders. The roots of the Teasel 

 (^Dipsacus syhestris) are diuretic and sudorific ; its leaves and root were formerly considered to be a 

 remedy for hydrophobia. The capitula of Dipsacus fullonum, a species of which the origin is unknown, 

 are furnished with recurved hard and elastic bracts, which have led to their employment by clothiers 

 for carding woollen and cotton fabrics ; hence its vulgar pame of Fuller's Teasel. 



CXXII. COMPOSITE. 

 (COMPOSITE, Vaillant. SYNANTHEE^E, L.-G. Richard.) 



D.c 



c. 



Dandelion. 



TTnexpanded head, fur- 

 nished with a calyculus 

 of accessory bracts, 2- 

 seriate and reflexed. 



L M 



Dandelion. 



Young carpel opened (mag.), 

 showing the ovule with the two 

 cords of the conducting tissue, 

 C p ; Car, ovary ; L c, calyx ; 

 D e, epigynous disk ; B, raphe ; 

 Ch, chalaza ; M, micropyle. 



Dandelion. 

 Capitulum (ligulifloral). 



Dandelion, 

 floret with ligulate 

 corolla, and calyx 

 forming a tuft of 

 simple hairs, shortly 

 stipitate when young 

 (mag.). 



Dandelion. 



Common receptacle 



and fruits. 



Dandelion. 



Fruit in a simple tuft, long 

 stipitate when ripe (mag.). 



