CXXII. COMPOSITE. 11)7 



pentagonal areolse, that enclose the bases of the flowers. INVOLUCRE (peri- 

 clinium) composed of one or many series of bracts (scales or leaflets), sometimes 

 furnished outside with accessory bracts (calyculi). FLOWERS g, or $ or $ or neuter, 

 sometimes all in one capitulum ; sometimes ?', or neuter at the circumference, 

 the inner $ ; sometimes $ at the centre, and 2 at the circumference; capitula 

 sometimes exclusively composed of ? or $ flowers, and then monoacious or dioecious. 

 CALYX rarely foliaceous, generally scarious or membranous, sometimes cup-shaped, 

 sometimes spread into a crown, entire toothed or laciniate ; sometimes divided into 

 palese, or teeth or scales or awns ; sometimes reduced to capillary hairs or bristles, 

 which are smooth or scabrid or ciliate or plumose, and forming a tuft, either sessile 

 or stipitate ; finally, sometimes reduced to a thin circular cushion, or even entirely 

 wanting. COROLLA epigynous, monopetalous, sometimes regular, tubular, 5-4-fid 

 or -toothed, aestivation valvate ; sometimes irregular, either bilabiate or ligulate, 

 eacb lobe furnished with two marginal nerves confluent in the tube. STAMENS 

 5-4, inserted on the corolla, and alternate with its divisions ; filaments inserted at 

 the base of the tube, free above, rarely monadelphous, articulated towards the top ; 

 anthers 2-celled, introrse, cohering into a tube which sheaths the style, very rarely 

 free, usually prolonged into a terminal appendage, cells often terminating in a tail at 

 the base. OVARY inferior, 1-celled, 1-ovuled, crowned with an annular disk which 

 surrounds a concave nectary ; style filiform, undivided in the $ flowers, bifid in 

 the 9 and g flowers ; branches of the style, commonly called stigmas, convex on the 

 dorsal surface, flat on the inner, furnished toward their tops, or" outside, with short 

 stiff hairs (collecting hairs), and traversed on tkfe inner edges by two narrow glan- 

 dular (stigmatic) bands, constituting the true stigma ; style much shorter than the 

 stamens before the opening of the flower, but rapidly growing at the period of fer- 

 tilization, traversing the hollow cylinder formed by the anthers, and gathering, by 

 means of the collecting hairs, the pollen destined to fertilize the newly opened neigh- 

 bouring flowers. $ flowers furnished with stigmatic glands and collecting hairs ; 

 the $ have stigmatic glands but no collecting hairs ; the $ have collecting hairs 

 and no stigmatic glands; ovule straight, anatropous. ACHENE articulated on to 

 the common receptacle, generally sessile, provided with a basilar or lateral areola, 

 indicating its point of insertion, often prolonged in a beak to the top. SEED erect. 

 EMBRYO straight, exalbuminous ; cotyledons plano-convex, very rarely convolute 

 (Robinsonia) ; radicle inferior. 





