512 CXXVIL LOBELIACE^E. 



Annual, biennial or perennial HERBS, rarely woody below, sometimes climbing, 

 usually milky. LEAVES alternate, rarely opposite, simple, exstipulate. FLOWERS 

 perfect, regular, in a raceme spike or glomerule, sometimes panicled, involucrate or 

 not. CALYX superior or semi-superior, persistent, usually 5- (rarely 3-6-8-) partite, 

 aestivation valvate. COROLLA monopetalous, marcescent, inserted on an epigynous 

 ring, campanulate, infundibuliform or tubular, limb more or less deeply divided, 

 aestivation valvate. STAMENS alternate with the corolla-lobes ; filaments free or very 

 rarely adhering to the base of the corolla, connivent, or sub-coherent by their usually 

 dilated bases ; anthers introrse, 2-celled, distinct or cohering into a tube around the 

 style. OVARY inferior or semi-inferior, 2-8-celled ; style simple, bristling with 

 fugacious collecting hairs arranged in longitudinal series ; stigma usually lobed, 

 glabrous within, hairy on the back, very rarely undivided and capitate ; ovules ana- 

 tropous, numerous, horizontal at the inner angle of the cells, or attached to the 

 surface of the septa. CAPSULE with many-seeded cells, sometimes loculicidal at the 

 top, or opening by valves near the bottom or middle or beneath the calyx, or by as 

 many pores as cells, very rarely by transverse slits. SEEDS numerous, minute, ovoid 

 or angular. EMBRYO straight, in the axis of a fleshy albumen ; radicle near the 



hilum. 



PRINCIPAL GENERA. 



Jasione. * Roella. * Specularia. * Canarina. 



* Phyteuma. * Trachelium. * Platycodon. 'Campanula. 



* Adenophora. * Wablenbergia. * Codonopsis. * Michauxia. 



We have noticed the annuities of Campanulnccce with Lobeliucc<t, Brunoniacace and Stylidiea (see 

 these families). They approach Composite in the inflorescence of some genera, the synanthery of others, 

 the epigyny, isostemonism and {estivation of the corolla, collecting hairs, and anatropous ovule ; they are 

 separated by the nervation of the corolla, plurality and horizontal direction of the ovules, collecting hairs 

 in lines and not in a ring, capsular fruit and albuminous embryo. The Camyanulacea: with basal or 

 lateral dehiscence inhabit the temperate regions of the Old World ; those with apical dehiscence are 

 most frequent in the southern temperate zone, and especially in South Africa, Australia and South 

 America. 



Campanulacea yield a milky juice, which differs from that of Lobeliucea in the acrid principles being 

 neutralized by a sweet and very abundant mucilage, to which the fleshy roots of Campanula Itapnn<-nlnx 

 and its allies owe their alimentary properties ; they are agreeable and easy of digestion, and being milky, they 

 were recommended by the ancients in nursing. Many species are considered to cure hydrophobia in 

 Russia. Two indigenous Campanulas (C. Trachelium and cervicaria) were formerly used in angina of 

 the pharynx and trachea ; whence their specific names. 



(XXVII. LOBELIACE^E. 



(CAMPANULACEARUM pars, R. Br. LOBELIACE^E, Juseieu, Bartling.} 



COROLLA epigynous, isostemonouS) irregular, aestivation valvate. STAMENS 

 nous, cohering into a tube. OVARY 1-2^3-ceWed; STIGMA not indusiate ; OVULES nume- 

 rous, generally horizontal, anatropous. FRUIT a capsule or berry. EMBRYO albuminous. 



Herbaceous annual or perennial PLANTS, often woody below, rarely shrubby, 



