616 



CLXXIII. VERBENACE^J. 



Vervain. 



Corolla laid open 



(mag.). 



Vervain. 

 Diagram. 



'Vervain. 

 Pistil (mag.). 



Vervain. 



Solitary carpel 



(mag.). 



Vervain. 



Carpel cut 



vertically (mag.). 



COKOLLA hypogynous, monopetalous, irregular, anisostemonous, aestivation imbri- 

 cate. STAMENS inserted on the corolla, usually 4 didynamous, or 2. OVARY 2-4-8- 

 celled, cells \-2-ovuled ; OVULES erect or ascending ; STYLE terminal. FRUIT fleshy. 

 EMBRYO scarcely or not albuminous ; RADICLE inferior. 



Herbaceous or woody PLANTS, stems and branches usually 4-gonous. LEAVES 

 generally opposite, sometimes whorled, very rarely alternate (Dipyrena, Amazonia), 

 simple or compound, exstipulate. FLOWERS $f , irregular, rarely sub-regular, in a 

 spike, raceme, head, or cyme, rarely solitary, usually bracteate. CALYX monosepalous, 

 persistent, tubular ; limb partite or toothed. COROLLA hypogynous, monopetalous, 

 tubular ; limb 4-5-fid, usually unequal and labiate, rarely regular (Tectona, Calli- 

 carpa, JEtjiphila), aestivation imbricate. STAMENS inserted on the corolla-tube or 

 throat, generally 4, didynamous by arrest of the fifth, sometimes 2 by arrest of the 3 

 upper, very rarely 5 fertile (Tectona} ; anthers 2-celled, sometimes diverging, dehis- 

 cence longitudinal. OVARY free, composed of 2-4 carpels, 2-4-8 -celled ; style 

 terminal, simple ; stigma usually undivided ; ovules solitary or geminate in each cell, 

 sometimes erect and anatropous, or ascending and semi-anatropous, rarely reversed 

 (Holmsldoldia}. FRUIT a drupe or berry; drupe with 2-3-4 1-2-celled pyrenes, 

 usually separating from the epicarp when ripe ; berries 2-4-celled, sometimes 1-celled 

 by arrest. SEEDS solitary in each cell, erect or ascending. EMBRYQ exalbuminous 

 or sub-exalbuminous, straight ; cotyledons foliacequs ; radicle inferior. 



[The following subdivisions of the order are those of Schauer in De Candolle's 

 ' Prodromus,' and are followed by Bentham as being more natural than any subse- 

 quently proposed : 



TRIBE I. VERBENE*:. Inflorescence indefinite. Ovules erect, anatropous. 



Ovules 2 in each cell. 

 Sub-tribe 1. SPIELMANNIE^. (Cape of Good Hope.) Spielmannia. 



Omde.s 1 in each cell. 



Sub-tribe 2. MONOCHILE^;. Racemes lax. Calyx sub-2-lipped. Corolla 1-lipped. Drupe. 

 (Brazil.) Monochilus. 



Sub-tribe 3. CASSELLIE^;. Racemes axillary, few-fid. Calyx tubular. Corolla infundi- 

 buliform. Drupe. (Tropical America.) Cassellia, Tamonia. 



Sub-tribe 4. VERBENE.S;. Flowers capitate, racemed or spiked. Caly* campanulate or 



