1022 



SYNOPSIS OF THE CLASSES, 



Cohort XV. Glumales. Flowers in the axils of scnles, which are arranged in spikelets. 

 Perianth 0, or of minute scales or hairs or bristles. Stamens l-o, rarely more. Ovary 1- 

 celled, 1-ovuled, Fruit a caryopsis. Albumen fleshy or floury ; embryo immersed or not. 

 Grasses or grass-like herbs. 



54. C/YPEBACE-E. Perianth or of 

 bristles, rarely of scales, or of a sheathing 

 bract (Cart'x). Anthers basifixed. Fruit 

 compressed or 3-gonoue. Embryo at the 

 base of the albumen. Stem usually solid and 

 3-gonous ; leaf-sheaths entire . . . 875 



55. GRAMINE.E. Perianth 0, or of 2 

 (rarely 3 or 6) minute oblique scales. Anthers 

 versatile. Fruit grooved on one side. Em- 

 bryo outside the albumen on one side of its 

 base. Stem usually fistular, terete ; leaf- 

 sheaths split to the base .... 880 



SUM-KINGDOM IT. 



CRYPTOGAMOUS, ACOTYLEDONOUS, OR FLOWEELESS PLANTS. 



Plants destitute of stamens and ovaries. Fertilization effected by the action of 

 antherozoids on the nucleus of an archegonium, or by the union of the contents of 

 two special cells. Propagation by means of homogeneous spores, consisting of a single 

 cell 



CLASS III. ACROGENS. 



Axis of growth distinct, growing from the apex, with usually no provision for sub- 

 sequent increase in diameter, and with frequently distinct foliage. Reproduction by the 

 action of antheroBoids on arcliegonia. 



Cohort I. Filicales. Plants with both cellular and vascular tissue. Antheridia, or 

 archegonia, or both, formed on a prothallus that is developed from the spore on its germination. 



Sjwrcs of otic kind; antheridia tutd archegomia 

 both produced upoti 



902 



1. FILICES. Fronds circinate in vernation, 

 bearing sporangia on their under surface or 

 margins, or on separate fronds. Prothallus 

 bisexual ....... 893 



2. OPHIOGLOSSEJJ. Fronds straight in 

 vernation. Sporangia globose, coriaceous, 2- 

 valved, arranged in a peduncled or sessile 

 spike. Prothnllus bisexual . . 



3. EQUISETACK.K. Cylindric jointed 

 leafless plants, with hollow internode?, ter- 

 minated by a toothed sheath. Fructification 

 a cone of peltate scales, which bear on their 

 under surface several dehiscent sporangia. 

 Spores furnished with 2 filaments, that are 

 at first coiled round them. Prothallus uni- 

 sexual ........ 903 



* Spores of two kinds,<me containing anlherozoids, 

 the other developing a, prttfhallns with archegonia. 



4. MARSILEACK.E. Fronds slender from a 

 creeping rhizome, simple and filiform, or 

 with 4 terminal wedge-shaped leaflets, cir- 

 cinate in vernation. Sporangia and antheridia 

 together contained in coriaceous globose 

 capsules, produced on the rhizome. Pro- 

 thallus producing a single archegonium . '.'07 



5. SALVINIEJS. Fronds floating ; margins 

 recurved in vernation. Sporangia and 

 nntheridia contained in separate capsules 

 produced at the base of the fronds. Prothallus 

 producing a single archegonium . . 910 



6. LTCOPODIACEJE. Stems simple or 

 branched, erect, prostrate, pendulous, orsome- 

 times with a creeping rhizome, covered with 

 small uniform or biform leaves, rarely leafless. 



