1911] Watson: The Genus Gyrocotyle. 361 



view is substantiated by Monticelli's identification of a specimen 

 from C. antarcticus as G. rugosa, Diesing 's original species, 

 though the size, number and character of the frills of the 

 terminal rosette as figured by Spencer do not agree with Diesing 's 

 original figure of those structures. 



Braun (1889) published a careful review of the literature 

 of the genus up to and including Monticelli's (1890) paper on 

 the finding of Gyrocotyle rugosa in Callorhynchus antarcticus, 

 but not including Spencer's paper. He reduces Amphiptyches 

 to a synonym of Gyrocotyle. 



Lonnberg (1890a) mentions the finding of Gyrocotyle in 

 July and August, near Bergen. He later (1890b) published a 

 short paper, "Ueber Amphiptyches Wag. oder Gyrocotyle urna 

 (Grube et Wagener) Diesing." In a subsequent paper (1891) 

 he includes a detailed study of Amphiptyches urna, covering the 

 questions of synonymy, systematic position, occurrence, habitat, 

 behavior, orientation, and morphology, concluding with a com- 

 parison of Amphiptyches with the other genera of the Cesto- 

 daria. Lonnberg agrees with Wagener in regarding Gyrocotyle 

 as a true cestode ; he considers it the most primitive of the mono- 

 zoic cestodes and the most closely related to the trematodes. He 

 does not accept the combination of Gyrocotyle and Amphi- 

 ptyches in one genus, and regards the form investigated by him, 

 from Chimaera monstrosa, as Amphiptyches urna. Aside from 

 his careful study of this species, which will be referred to later, 

 Lonnberg 's most important contribution to the knowledge of 

 the genus was his description of the animal in the living condi- 

 tion and the various forms assumed by it. Its behavior and 

 appearance he describes as being in the majority of cases similar 

 to that described by Wagener, namely, pointed at one end, with 

 marginal frills and a terminal rosette. But this typical body- 

 form he saw transformed into a totally different one in which 

 the worms "ganz platt und am beiden Enden gleich sind" (p. 

 17). (See my pi. 33, figs. 1-4). The ordinary frilled form he 

 regards as a contracted condition of this ' ' Ligulaa hnlicher " 

 worm; the intermediate stage between the two he describes as 

 one in which "die Seitenrander in grossen Wellen gebogen sind 

 und nur der ausserste Teil des Trichters in einen kleinen krausen 



