4 CONTENTS. 



PAST FIRST.-STRUCTURAL BOTANY, OR ORGANOGRAPHY M 



CHAPTER I. The Flower. It may consist of, 10 



a The leafy Envelopes, or Perianth, in 2 whorls or sets. 



1, The outer circle, of Sepals, usually green Calyx. 



2, The inner circle, of Petals, usually colored Corolla. 



b The Essential Organs, also in 2 whorls or sets. 



3, An outer set, of Stamens, within the corolla Androecium 



4, The inner and central set, of Pistils Gynoecium, 



e The base, or platform on which these organs stand Torus. 



CHAPTER II. Plan of the Flower. The Typical Flower, 21 



1, Consisting of 4 whorled sets of organs, is Complete. 



2, Each set having the same number of parts Symmetrical. 



8, The parts composing each set uniform Regular. 



4, All the parts separate and distinct from each other Free. 



5, Parts of adjacent sets alternating in position Alternate. 



CHAPTERS III. and IV. Anomalous Flowers. Deviations from the Type 23 



1, Variations in the Radical Number From J/ to "'. 



8, Deficiencies, rendering the flower 



a Incomplete. Corolla wanting Apetaloua. 



Corolla and calyx both wanting Naked. 



b Imperfect. The stamens wanting y Pistillate. 



The pistils wanting I Staminale. 



c Unsymmetrical, from the suppression of a part of some set. 

 d Organs opposite, from the suppression of eome entire set. 

 \ Redundancies. 



a Organs increased in number, by multiples Multiplication. 



by clusters Chorisis. 



b Appendages. Horn-like nectaries projecting backward Spurs. 



Attached to the inside of the petals Scales. 



Enlarged scales Crown. 



Glandular bodies Glands. 



, Union of Parts. 



a By Cohesion. Petals united Gamopetalous, or Monopetalous. 



Stamens united Monadelphous. 



Pistils united Compound. 



5 By Adhesion. Parts blended with the Calyx Perigynous. 



Parts blended with the Ovary Epigynous. 



6, Irregularities. Torus lengthened, excavated, &c. 



Like organs, becoming unequal in size, &c. 



CHAPTER V. Of the Floral Envelopes, or Perianth 30 



CHAPTER VI. Forms of the Perianth 34 



1, Dialypetalous, or Polypetaloua. 



* Regular. a Four long-clawed petals spreading at right-angles.. Cruciferous. 



b Fire short-clawed spreading petal*. Rosaceous, 



c Five spreading petals on long erect claws... .Caryophyllaceous 

 d A 6-leaved gradually spreading perianth Liliaceous. 



* Irregular. e Five petals, 2 pairs and an odd one Papilionaceous. 



f Six petals, one of them lip-like Orchidaceous. 



S, Gamopetalons, or Monopetalons. ( 102) 



* Regular. a Tube very short, border flat, spreading Rotate. 



b Tube very short, border wide, concave. Cup-form, &c., &c. 



* Irregular. c Cylindrical tube split down, &c. ( 103) 

 f Transformations of the Perianth. ( 104-108) 



1, In the Composite. A circle of dry scales or bristles Pappus 



8. In the Bog-Rushes. A circle of fi <raore or less) bristles Seta 



