ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS. 



BOTANICAL TERMS OFTEN RECURRING IN DESCRIPTIONS, 



acfi. achenia. 

 CM .. estivation. 

 alter, alternate. 

 amplex. ampluxicaul. 

 anth. anther. 

 axill. axillary. 

 col. calyx. 

 caps, capsule. 

 cor. corolla. 

 eyp. cypsela. 

 decid. deciduous. 

 diam. diameter. 

 ellip. elliptical. 

 tmarg. emarginate. 

 eplg. epigyne-us. 

 /. or ft. feet. 

 fii. filaments. 

 H. flower ; Jls. flowers. 



ff. ftuit. 



gl. glume ; gls. glumes. 



hd. head ; lids, heads. 



hyp. hypogynous. 



imbr. imbricate. 



inf. inferior. 



invol. involucre. 



trreg. irregular. 



leg. legume. 



If. leaf; Ivs. leaves. 



Ifts. leaflets. 



lorn, loment. 



opp. opposite. 



ova. ovary. 



pap. pappus. 



ped. peduncle. 



pet. petals. 



perig. perigynoua. 



perig. perigynitm. 



pis. pales. 



pn. pinnse. 



pnl. pinnulae. 



recep. receptacle 



reg. regular. 



rhiz. rhizoma. 



rt. root. 



sc. scale, scales. 



sds. seeds. 



seg. segment. 



sep. sepals. 



st. stem. 



sta. or stam. stamens 



stiff, stigmas. 



sty. styles. 



var. variety 



$ TIMES OP FLOWEiUNG, AND LOCALITIES. 



1. Names of the Months and Seasons are abbreviated in the usual manner, an, Jan. 

 January ; Apr. April ; Spr. Spring ; Aut. Autumn ; Sum. Summer ; &c. 



2. The names of States and Territories of the U. S. are abbreviated precisely as in 

 other works, thus : Ala. Alabama ; Ark. Arkansas ; Conn. Connecticut, <fec. 



3. Sections of States are thus designated: N. N. T. Northern New York; W. Pa. 

 Western Pennsylvania ; E. Fla. East Florida ; 8. 111. Southern Illinois, &c. 



4. Names of foreign Countries :Eur. Europe; Afr. Africa; S. Afr. South Afr.ca; 

 Aust. Australia; Can. Canada; Mex. Mexico; S. Am. South America &c. 



5. E. East, Eastward, indicates the States of the Atlantic seaboard from Maine to V ir 

 ginia inclusive ; N-E. or N. Eng. denotes the New England States. 



6. M. is used to denote the Middle States ; viz., N. Y., Penn., N. J., and Del. 



I. N. North, Northward, indicates generally the territory north of 42 N. latitude. 



8. N-W. Northwest, indicates Wis., Minn., and parts of HI. and Mich. 



9. /?. South, Southward, is used to indicate the Southern States in general, all lying 

 xoutti of Virginia and Kentucky 



10 SW. Southwest, viz., Miss., La., Ark., and perhaps Tennessee and Texas. 



II. W. West, denotes the States lying due north of Tennessee and Arkansas. 



