78 ORDEK 42. POLYGALACE^E. 



5, deciduous, cohering at the top, or distinct and spreading. Ovaries 

 2-celled, cells 2-ovuled. Fruit a globular beny, 1-4-seeded. *> Lvs. sim- 

 ple or compound. Ped. opposite the Ivs. often changed to tendrils. Fls 

 small, clustered. 



VITIS pro}>er. Petals cohering at the top, and falling without expanding. . .a 

 $ Cissus. Petals free, expanding before falling. Tendril? coiling, or 0... b 



*MPEL6rM3. Petals free, expanding. Tendrils with an adhesive foot No. !i 



a Leaves beneath clothed with a whitish or rusty wool Nos. 1 . 2. 3 



a Leaves glabrous except the veins, and green both sides Nos. 4. 5. 10 



i Leaves simple, angular or entire No. 



b Leaves piuuately compound Nos. 7, 8 



1 V. lahrusca L. Fox Grape. Isabella, Catawba. Leaves broad-cordate, angular- 



lobcd. hoary tomenlous beneath ; berries large. Woods. 30 80f. Fr. p. gr. or amb. 



2 V. aestlvall* L. Lvs. broadly cordate, 3-5-lobed or palmate-sinuate, coarsely den- 



tate, with scattered ferruginous hairs beneath ; fertile racemes long, panicled, berries 

 small. Shady banks. Fruit deep blue, small, ripe in September. 



3 V. Caribiea DC. Hoary ; Ivs. round-cordate, 3-lobed or entire, smooth above. Fia. 



4 V. cordifolla MX. Frost Grape. Lvs. cordate, acuminate, somewhat equally 



toothed, smooth, or pubescent beneath the veins and petioles ; rac. loose, many-flwd.; 

 berries small. River banks. 10 20f. Fruit blackish, ripe in November. 

 o V. v nip 'ma L. Muscadlnf. S&tppernong. Lvs. (small) cordate, slightly 3-angled 

 or lobcd, shining on both sides, coarsely toothed, the teeth not acuminate ; rac. com- 

 posed of many capitate umbels. Va. to Fla. Fruit large, purple, few. 



6 V. I ndl visa Willd. Lvs. simple, cordate or truncate at the base, often angular- 



lobed ; flowrr 5-merous ; berry 1 or 2-ueeded. Swamps, S. Fruit small (2 '). 



7 V. hipiitiu. <u T. & G. Lvs. bipinnate. Ifts. incisely serrate, glabrous; flowers 5 



nu-rous. S. States along rivers. Frui I small, black. No tendrils. 



8 V. Incisa N. Lvs. 3-foliate, thirk; Ifts. 2-3-lobed : berry 1 -seeded. Fla. to La 



9 V. qulnquefolta Lam. Viryinia Creeper. Lvs. digitate, Ifts. 5, oblong, acunu 



nate, dentate ; berries dark blue, smaller than pens. acid. Woods, thickets. 20 iOf. 



10 V. VINIFEKA L. European Wine-grape. Lvs. cordate, sinuately 5-lobed, glabrous; 

 flowers all perfect. Europe. Many varieties. 



ORDER XLII. POLYGALACE^E. MILKWOKTS. 



Herbs or shrubs, with the leaves mostly simple and without stipules. 

 Flowers irregular, unsymmetrical, hypogynous, perfect. Sepals 5, unequal, 

 distinct, some or all of them colored. Petals 3, often 5, and 2 of them 

 scale : like. Stamens 4 to 8, distinct, or cohering in a tube which is split on 

 the upper side. Ovary superior, compound, with suspended ovules, united 

 stj r les and stiginas. Fruit a 2-seeded pod. Seeds pendulous, with or with- 

 out a caruncle and albumen. 



Sepals 5, unequal, 2 larger, wing-shaped, petaloid. Petals 3. Stamens 8 POLTCALA. I 



Sepals 5, nearly equal. 3 of the 5 petals long-clawed. Stamens 4 KRAMEKIA. 2 



1. POLYGALA, Toum. MILKWORT. (I2oA.v$, much, ydXa, milk; 

 said to favor the lacteal secretions of animals.) Fls. veiy irregular. Sep. 

 5, 2 of them wing-shaped and petaloid. Pet. 3, cohering by their claws to 

 the filaments, lower one carinate and often crested on the back. Stam. 6 

 ur 8, filaments united into a split tube. Anth. 1-ct'lled. Caps, obcordate, 



