ORDER 42. POLYGALACE^E. 7y 



8 celled, 2-seeded, loculicidal. Sd. appendaged with a various caruncle at 

 the hilum. Mostly herbs, "jitter, and with simple leaves. Flowers often 

 of two forms, the subterranean apetalous. 



* Leaves alternate. a Fls. purple, solitary, 2 4. Perennial N<\ 1 



a Fls. purple, racemed, many. Biennial Nos. 2, 3 



a Fls. white. Spike slender. Seeds h;ury. Perennial Nos. 4, 5 



a Fls. purple. Spike capital e.Carnncle double Nos. 6 8 



Car. appears simple. (). . .Nos. 11 



a Fls. xanthic. b Spikes solitary, large. Biunni.-il Nos. 12, 13 



6 Spikes CC. corymbed, small. Bien Nos. 1-1. 15 



* livs. vsrtic. on the stem. e Spikes acute, slender. Fls. greenish-white. . . Nos. 16, 17. 18 



c Spikes obtuse, thick. . (Shrubs, t. No. 22 25). .Nos. 19, 20, 21 



1 P. pauclfolla L. St. simple, erect, naked below ; Ivs. ovate, acute, smooth ; ter- 

 minal fls. large, crested, radical ones apetalous. y Woods. 3 4'. Flowers few, 

 large (10"). very showy. May, June. 



P. grandlflora Walt. Ascending, pubescent ; Ivs. ovate-lanceolate to lance-linear, 

 acute: fls. distant, pendulous after blooming, wings large, roundish, covering the fruit, 

 keel as long as the wings (3"), crestless. @ ? Dry soils, S. 912'. May Aug. 

 t P. pol^gama Walt. Sts. simple, numerous, glabrous; Ivs. linear-oblong, mucro 

 nate, obtuse ; fls. racemed, short-pedicelled, those of the stem winged, those of the 

 root wingless ; keel cristate. Fields. 612'. Rac. showy. Fls. 2". June, July. 



4 P. Senega L. Seneca Snake-root. St. erect, smooth, simple, leafy ; Ivs. lanceolate, 



tapering at each end ; fls. slightly crested, in a terminal spike-form, slender raceme. 

 V Woods, W. States, rare in E. 8-14'. Spike 12'. Leaves 12'. July. 

 0. la! I folia. Leaves ovate, acuminate at each end. Leaves 23'. Ind. 

 ft P. alba N. St. angular, branched above ; Ivs. linear; spike lance-linear, pointed, ou 

 a long stalk. V Ala. to La. 612'. Spikes 13'. 



6 P. SK-tacea MX. Sts. filiform, simple, apparently leafless (Ivs. minute, deltoid-acuin.); 



spike (small) oblong, acute ; wings short-pointed, shorter than the petals : caruncle 

 enclosing the short stipe of the hairy seed. 11 South. If. Leaves 1". June. 



7 P. iiicariiatn. L. Glaucous; st. erect, slender, mostly simple ; Ivs. few, scattered, 



linear-subulate; spike oblong; wings lanceolate, cuspidate; claws of the petals 

 united into a long, cleft tube ; seed very hairy, (i) N. J. to Fla. 1 2f. June. 



* P. Chapmaiiii T. & G. Very slender, simple, or nearly so; Ivs. linear-subulate, 



spike loose, roundish-oblong, rather acute ; wings obovate, slightly clawed ; caruncle 

 lateral on the thin-haired seed. (T) South. If. 



9 P. \uttullii T. & G. St. erect, somewhat fastigiate ; Ivs. linear; spikes acute, 



roundish-oblong, dense ; wings elliptical, attenuate at base ; crest minute ; caruncle 

 notched, lateral on the thick seed-stipe, <I) Mass., R. L, to La. 6 W. August. 



10 P. 1'aMttglata Nutt. Slender and much branched above; Ivs. linear; spikes round- 

 ish, loose-flowered ; wings ovate-oblong, distinctly clawed ; caruncle broad, nearly 

 embracing the small seed-stipe (immature). (T) N. J. to Fla. 8 12'. Jnly+. 



IIP. sanguiiiea L. St. branching at top ; Ivs. linear and lance ^inear; spikes ob- 

 long, obtuse, dense ; wings ova! or ovate, obtuse, subsessile ; caruncle mostly simple, 

 nearly as long as the hairy seed. (T) Wet grounds. 10'. Leaves 1'. July + . 



5 2 P. lu tea L. St. mostly simple ; root leaves spatulate, obtuse, attenuate at base; 



cauline ones lanceolate, acute; rac. ovate-globous, obtuse, dense; fls. pedicellate ; 

 wings ovate, mucronate, keel with a minute crest. @ Sands, N. J. to Fla. If. June + . 



ISP. naiia DC. Low, ascending; Ivg. obovate and spatulate, mostly radical ; heads 

 ovate, becoming oblong, dense ; wings lance-ovate, cuspidate-acuminate, twice longer 

 than the slightly-< rested keel, (f) Pine woods, S. 4'. April, May. 



1 4 P. ramosa El' . Erect, corymbously branched above ; spikes loose, oblong, nume- 

 rous, forming del se, level-topped cymes ; radical Ivs. few, spatulate, cmiline oblong 1 

 linear ; seed oval caruncled. (a) Swamps, Del. to Fla. If. June. 



