118 ORDER 67. RUBIACE^E. 



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1. GALIUM, L. CLEAVERS. BEDSTRAW. Calyx limb minutely 4- 



toothed. Cor. rotate, 4-cleft. Sta. 4, short. Sty. 2. Carpels 2, united, 

 separating into 2 1-seeded, indehiscent nutlets. Herbs with slender, 4- 

 angled stems. Verticels of 4, 6, or 8 leaves, rarely of 5. 



a Flowers yellow. Leaves in whorls of about 8. Fruit smooth No. 1 



a Flowers dull-purple. Leaves (large) in whorls of 4. Fruit hispid or not. .Nos. 2- 4 



a Flowersi white. b Leaves in 4's only. Fruit dry. Panicle terminal No. 5 



b Leaves in 4's only. Fruit smooth, purple berries Nos. (5. 7 



b Leaves in 4's 6's. c Fruit hispid with hooked hairs No. 8 



c Fruit smooth or nearly no, dry.. Nos. 9 11 

 b Leaves in 8's, long and narrow. Fruit hispid No. 12 



1 G. veriini L. Yellow Bedslraw. Erect; Ivs. in 8's, grooved, entire, rough, linear; 



fls. densely paniculate, it Dry s/ils, Mass. 1 2f. Branches short. June. Eur. 



2 G. pllosiuu Ait. Hirsute : Ivs. in 4's, oval, punctate with pellucid dots ; ped. several 



times 2- or 3-forkcd : fls. pedicellate, densely hispid. V Dry thickets. 1 2f. June. 



3 G. clroaezans MX. Wild Liquorice. Smoothish ; Ivs. oval or ovate-lanceolate, ob- 



tuse, 3-veined, ciliate on the margins and veins ; ped. divaricate, few-flowered ; fr. 

 subsessile, nodding, hispid, it Woods : common. 8 12'. July. 



pi. lanrfolatunt. Very smooth ; leaves lanceolate. 2' long ; fruit sessile. 



y. mini t iin nut. Dwarf; leaves obovate. White Mountains. (Oakes.) 



4 G. latlfoltiim MX. St. erect, smooth; Ivs. lanceolate, 3-veined, very acute ; pea. 



axillary (leafy) and terminal, about twice 3-forked ; purple flowers and smooth fruit 

 on filiform pedicels, if Woody hills, Pa. S. and W. 2f. July. 



5 G. boreile L. Erect, smooth ; Ivs. linear-lanceolate, rather acute, 3-veined, smooth ; 



fls. in a terminal pyramidal panicle, if Shaded rocks, N. If. July. 



6 G. lilspidulnm MX. Diffuse, minutely hispid ; Ivs. oval, thickish, mostly acute ; 



ped. axillary, 1-3-flwd. ; fr. large, bluish-purple. ' y. Sandy. S. 2f. May Oct. 



7 G. uiilflorum Ms. Glabrous, crespitons, slender ; Ivs. linear, acute ; ped. axillary, 



solitary, mostly 1-flwd. bracted ; fr. purple, if Damp woods, S. If. May. 



8 G. triflorum MX. Stems weak, rough on the angles ; Ivs. in 5's and 6's, lance-el- 



liptic, cusp-pointed, 1-veincd ; ped. mostly 3-flowered. if Moist woods. 1 3f. July. 



9 G. asprellum MX. Hough Cleavers. St. diffuse, very branching, rough backward , 



Ivs. in 6's, 5's, or 4's, lanceolate, acuminate, or cuspidate, margin and midvein re- 

 trorsely aculeate ; ped. short, in 2's or 3's. if Thickets, N. 2 5f. July. 



10 G. trifidum L. Dyer'g Cleavers. Goose-grafs. St. decumbent, very branching, 

 ronghish with retrorse prickles ; Ivs. in 6's and 4's, linear-oblong or oblanceolate, ob- 

 tuse, rough-edged ; flowers mostly 3-parted. if Swamps. <>'. July. Variable. 



/3. tinctbrium. Ped. 3-6-flowered : parts of the flower in 4's. The root dyes red. 

 y. lati folium. Lvs. in 4's, oblanceolate; ped. 3-flowered: fls. 4-parted. 



11 G. conciiiiiuin T. & G. St. decumbent, diffuse, scabrous; Ivs. in 6's, linear, 

 glabrous, 1-veined, scabrou* upward on the margins ; ped. filiform, twice or thrice 

 3-forked, panicked, it Dry woods. Pa. Va. 111. If. June. 



12 G. Aparine L. St. weak, procumbent, retrorsely prickly ; Ivs. in 8's, 7's, or (J's, 

 linear-oblanceolate, mucronate ; ped. axillary, 1-2-flwd. Wet thickets, N. 3-5f. Jn. 



2. RUBIA, Tourn. MADDER. Like Galium, but its flowers are mostly 

 5-mcrous, and its fruit always smooth and berry-like. 



R . T1NCTOR0M L. Stem weak, rough backward ; Ivs. in 6's, lanceolate, aculeate ; fla. 

 brownish-yellow, paniculate above, with 3-forked peduncles. Europe. 3 5f. 



3. MITCHELL A, L. PARTRIDGE BERRY. Flowers 2 on each double 



Cal. 4-parted. Cor. fnnnol-slinpixl, hairy within. Stam. 4, short, 





