ORDER 70. COMPOSIT/E. 155 



Scales distinct. Cypselae 4-angled, Pappus HELIOPSIS 51 



Cypselie flattened. Pappus 0. ... : SPILANTHKS 60 



Cypselje flat, with a 2-awned pappus VERBESINA. 61 



1 .Leaves alternate. Pappus none. Achenia terete ANTHEMIS. 70 



1 Leaves alternate. Pappus none. Achenia obcompressed ACUILLEA. 71 



I Leaver opposite. Pappus n me ECLIPTA. 31 



Pappus ol' fringed scales GALINSOGA. 38 



Pappus of the disk a single awn, of the ray ZINNIA. 50 



Leaves opposite. Rays yelloor. Pappus none POLYMNIA. .Vj 



M Leaves opposite. Rays yellow. Pappus a 2- or 3-toothed crown. Gen. 41, A CHRYSOGONUM. 40 



Leaves alternate. Rays whitish, very short, 5 only PARTHENICH. 45 



Rays yellow, disk dark-purple. Leaves entire.. MADIA. 43 



Rays yellow, disk brown. Leaves cut SPHKNOGYNE. 44 



Rays and disk yellow. Fruit winged SILPHIUM. 41 



Fruit wingless KERLANUIERA. 42 



v Cypsela with erectly hispid awns, or awnless, never rostrate COREOPSIS. 58 



e Cypsela with retrorsely hispid awns, often attenuated above BIDENS. 59 



x Rays white, spreading. Pappus none ANTHEMPS. 70 



* Bays purple, pendent. Pales sharp, elongated ECBINACEA. 53 



c Rays yellow. Pappus none. Cypsela quadrangular. RUDBKCKIA. 54 



Pappus none. Cypsela compressed LEPACHIS. 55 



Pappus of 2 awns. Fruit wingless HELIANTHUS. 56 



Fruit broad-winged ACTINOMERIS. 57 



B. SUBORDER LIGULIFLOIkE. 



S| Papps none, or consisting of little scales. . .(a) 



|g Pappus double (of scales arid bristles), or simple and plumous. . .(fc) 



Pappus composed of capillary bristles, not plumous... (*; 



* Achenia terete or angular, not flattened. . .(c) 



* Achenia evidently flattened... (</) 



a Flowers yellow. Pappus none. Heads paniculate LAMPSANA. 99 



o Flowers yellow. Pappus none. Heads solitary or umbellate APOGOK. 100 



o Flowers blue. Pappus of many little scales. Receptacle naked CICRORIUM. 101 



Pappus of 5 scales. Receptacle chaffy OATANANCHE. 107 



ft Flowers purple. Feathery pappus on a long filiform beak TRAGOPOGON. 105 



b Flowers yellow. Feathery pappus on a short beak or sessile LEONTODON. 3iW 



b Flowers yeuow. Pappus of many bristles with the scales CYNTHIA. 103 



Pappus of 5 bristles and 5 scales KRIGIA. 102 



e Flowers whitish or purplish, mostly nodding. Stem leafy... NABALUS. 108 



c Flowers rose-purple, erect. (Stern almost leafless) LYGODESHIA. 109 



e Flowers yellow. Achenia long-beaked. Pappus white TARAXACUM. 112 



Achenia long-beaked. Pappus reddish PYRROPAPPUS. Ill 



Achenia not beaked. Pappus dull-white or tawny HIERACICM. 106 



Pappus bright white .' TKOXI.MON. 110 



d Achenia contracted into a slender beak. Flowers mostly yellow LACTUCA. 113 



d Achenia scarcely beaked. Flowers mostly blue MULGKDIUX. 114 



Flowers yellow. Pappus silky SONCHUS. 116 



C. SUBORDER LABIATIFLOILE. 



H Head radiate, solitary, nodding in bud. Pappus capillary CHAPTALIA. .17 



1 VERNONIA, Schreb. IRON WEED. Fls. all tubular, perfect. In- 



VoL of ovate, imbricated scales, tbe inner longest. Reoept. naked. Pap. 



double, the exterior chaffy, the interior capillary. U 5 Leaves alternate. 



Fls. purple (in our species). Cymes corymbed. Figs. 446-8. 



Scales of the involucre all obtuse and closely appreesed. Stem tall, grooved. ..No. 1 



ft Scales of the invol. (usually all) a with slender, flexuons points Nos. 2, S 



a with acute or mucronate points. South... NOB. 4-6 



