138 OHDKK 70. COMPOSITE. 



1 S. CRUENTUS. Lvs. angular, cordate, cut-toothed, purple beneath, the petioles wing 



ed. ear-shaped at the base; heads in a broad corymb, crimson, purple, blue, white. 



y Canaries. A common handsome greenhouse plant. 

 US. SCAMJENS. German Ivy. Climbing and twining; leaves smooth, roundish-cordate, 



5-7 angled or lobed ; corymbs axillary, of small rayless yellow heads, u S. Africa. 



Blooms freely in California, rarely in our greenhouses. 



88 ARNICA, L. Involucre of equal, lanceolate scales, 1- or 2-rowed. 

 Ray fls. 5 , disk 5 . Receptacle flat, with scattered hairs. Pap. single, 

 rigid, and serrulate. U Stem simple. Leaves opposite. Flowers yellow. 



1 A. mollis Hook. Pubescent; stem leafy; Ivs. becoming nearly glabrous, dentate, 



lance-oblong, radical ones petiolate ; hds. few ; fr. hairy. Mts. &c. N. H., N. Y. July. 



2 A. nudicaulls Ell. Hairy; st. nearly naked ; Ivs. all sessile, ovate, subentire. the 



cauline bract-like ; heads large, rays 12, spreading 2' ; fruit glabrous. Wet sandu, 

 Va. to Fla. If. April, May. 



89. RUGELIA, Shutt. Invol. as in Arnica. Fls. all tubular, 5 . Re 

 cep. convex, naked. Gyp terete, striate. Pap. of rough bristles. zr Lvs 

 alternate. Heads large. 



R. nudlcaulis Shutt. St. simple, erect; branches 1-flwd. ; root Ivs. ample, ovate, 

 narrowed to long winged petioles ; stem Ivs. small, snbsessile. Mts., Tenn. If. 



90. CYNARA, L. Heads discoid, homogainous. Invol. dilated, im 

 bricate, scales fleshy, emarginate, pointed. Receptacle fibrillate. Pap. plu- 

 mous. Cypselae not beaked. U Spiny. Leaves not decurrent. 



1 C. ScfiLTMUS. Garden Artichoke. Leaves subspinons, pinnate, and undivided ; invol. 



scales ovate. Gardens. The heads are used as asparagus. Coarse plants. 



2 C. CARDfJNCULUs. Cardoon. Leaves spiny, all pinnatifld ; invol. scales ovate. S. Eur. 



The petioles, blanched by culture, are used as celery. 



91. TAGETES, L. MARIGOLD. Heads heterogamous. Invol. simple, 

 tubular, of 5 10 united scales. Ray-fls. 5, persistent. Receptacle naked. 

 Pap. of 5 erect awns. (T) Tropical America. Leaves pinnately divided. 



1 T. PATULA. French Marigold. Stem erect, with widely-spreading, 1-headed branches , 



If. segm. linear-lanceolate; ped. long; invol. terete. Yel. and dark purp. Handsome. 



2 T. ERECTA. African Marigold. Stem stout, erect; If. segm. lanceolate; ped. 1-flwd., 



thickened at top ; involucre angular. Yellow and orange. 



3 X. FLORIDA. Erect, corymbously branched ; Ivs. lanceolate, opposite, aristate-scrrate : 



rays mostly 3, large, yellow. Mexico. 18'. 



92. CALENDULA, L. POT MARIGOLD. Heads radiate. Invol. of 

 many equal leaves, in about 2 series. Rays 9 , disk $ . Receptacle naked. 

 Cyp. of the disk membranaceous. Pap. 0. (J) Oriental. Lvs. alternate. 



<". OFPICINALI8. Viscid-pubescent ; stem branched; Ivs. oblong, acute, mncronate. ses- 

 sile; hds. terminal, solitary ; large, brilliant, orange, lemon, double, Jfcc. June Sep. 



93. CENTAUREA, L. KNAP- WEED. BACHELOR'S-BUTTON. Hds. 

 discoid. Invol. imbricate. Fls. all tubular, the marginal often enlarged, 

 ray-like, neutral. Pappus filiform, scale-form, or 0. 2; Lvs. alternate. 



Scales of the involucre with a fringed or pectinate appendage Nos. 1, 2 



Scalce not appendaged, a merely ciliate or spinescent Nos. 3, 4 



a nor ciliate nor spincscent (Ainberboa) .... Nos. 5. < 



