ORDER 122. CUPULIFER^E. 305 



late. & Calyx scale-like or regular, with 5 20 stamens inserted at its 

 base. $ Calyx adherent to the 2-3-celled, 2-6-ovuled ovary. Fruit a 1- 

 celled, 1-seeded nut, solitary or several together, invested by an involucre 

 which forms a scaly or echinate cupule. Seed destitute of albumen, filled 

 by the embryo with its large cotyledons. Figs. 1-4, 182, 256, 277, 218-22. 

 338-40, 381, 386, 435, 507, 511. 



g Sterile flowers in aments, fertile, solitary, or few together... (*) 



Involucre of many scales, valveless, cap-like, partly enclosing the 1 nut QuBRCUS. 1 



Involucre Of prickly scales, 4-valved, enclosing 2 or 3 nuts CASTANKA. 2 



Involucre of soft, prickly scales, 4-valved, enclosing 2 nuts FAGUg. 3 



Involucre of 2 or 3 large, lacerated, united scales, valveless, with 12 nnts CORTLUS. 4 



I Sterile flowers and fertile, both kinds In pendulous aments. . .() 



Involucre scales in pairs, with their edges united, inflated OSTRTA. fi 



Involucre scales in pairs, distinct, 3-lobed, becoming leaf-like CARPIKUS. 6 



1. QUERCUS, L. OAK. $ Fls. in loose aments. Calyx mostly 5- 

 cleft Sta. 5 10. ? Fls. in clusters or scattered. Ov. 3-celled, 6-ovuled 

 (Fig. 162), with 3 stig., but hi fruit a 1-seeded nut (acorn) seated in a scaly 

 cup or involucre. J> J> A noble genua. In many oaks the fruit is (f), that 

 is, 2 years in ripening, known by its occupying the old wood below the 

 leaves of the season. 



$ Leaves mostly entire, the ends subequal, petioles very short.. .(*) 



* Peduncle longer than the oblong acorn. Leaves evergreen. Fruit No i 



* Peduncle shorter than the acorn. Fruit . x Lvs. downy beneath. . .Nos. 2. 3 



x Lvs. smooth both sides. ..No. 4 



$ Leaves 3-lobed and dilated above, awnlesg when mature. Fruit @ Nos. 5, 6 



$ Leaves 3-9-lobed or pinnatifld, broad, lobes setaceously awned. Fruit @. . . (*) 



* Lvs. at base cuneate, short-pet.. 3- or 5-lobed. Shrubs or small trees.. Nos. 79 



* Leaves at base abrupt or truncate, mostly long-petioled, 7-9-lobed.. .(a) 



a Nut one-third immersed in the saucer-shaped, fine-scaled cup. . .Nos. 10, 11 

 a Nut near half immersed in the hemispherical, coarse-scaled cup. . .(ft) 



b Leaves cinereous-downy beneath, acorn also downy No. 12 



b Leaves (except when young) glabrous both sides Nos. 13, 14 



( Lvs. 5-9-lobed, divisions obtuse, never brietlc-awned. Fr. , sessile... NOB. 15 18 

 Lvs. 9-25-toothed, downy beneath, jwnless. Acorn (T), sweet, eatable. . .Nos. 19, 20 



1 Q. vlreus Ait. Live Oak. Tree 40 50f, often much smaller, very valuable for tim- 



ber ; leaves small, lirm, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, downy and pale beneath, rarely a few 

 pharp teeth ; nut oblong-obovoid ; ped. 1'. Va., and 8. 



2 Q. clnerea Ph. Upland Willow O. Shrub 4 20f; Ivs. as in No. 1, but more downy 



beneath ; nut roundish, in a saucer-shaped cup. Barrens, Va. to Fla. 



3 Q. Imbricaria MX. Laurel O. Shingle O. (Fig. 338.) Tree beautiful, 40 50f, with 



dense dark-green foliage ; Ivs. 35', lance-oblong, wavy, shining above ; nut round- 

 ish, in a shallow cup. Common W. and S. Makes poor shingles. 



4 ft. IMi < I ION I,. Willow 0. Tree 30 60f, with poor timber ; Ivs. linear-lanceolate, 



entire, 3 4', glabrous ; acorn roundish. 6", in a shallow cup. Borders of swamp?. 

 N. J. to Ky. and Fla. Young shoots with toothed leaves. 

 /S. la uri folia. A large handsome tree ; Ivs. 3 5', often with a few teeth. S. t 



5 Q. aquatlca MX. Water O. Tree 20 40f, of rounded form and dense, shining 



foliage ; leaves weflge-obovate, entire or obscurely 3-lobed above, attenuate to base, 

 short-petioled ; nut round-ovoid. Swamps, Md. to Fla., and cultivated. 

 B Q. iilgra L. Black-Jack. Barren 0. Iron 0. Tree small and gnarled, with dark 

 massy foliage ; leaves short-petioled, wedge-form, mostly with 3 subequal ronndru 

 lobt-s at apex, gubcordate at base, rust-downy beneath. N. Y.. W. and S. 



