ORDER 123. BETULACE.E. 307 



serrate, smooth ; nuts mostly 2 or 3 together ; amenta 6 y, yellowish, in July, the 

 brown uuts ripe in October. In woods. 



2 C. pumila MX. Chinquapin. Shrub 6 12f, much branched ; leaves obovate to 

 oblong-ovate, downy beneath ; nut solitary. N. J., W. and S. 



3. FAGUS. Tourn. BEECH. Sterile flowers in capitate aments, sus- 

 pended by a slender peduncle, fertile 2 within an involucre. Calyx 5- or 

 6 cleft or lobed. Stam. 5 12. 2 Ovary 3-celled with 3 stigmas. Fruit 

 a pair of 1-seeded, sharply 3-angled nuts in a prickly involucre. J) Leaves 

 piicate in bud. May. Figs. 182, 256, B. 



1 F. ferruginea Ait. Tree 50 80f, with a smoothish ash-colored bark ; Ivs. ovato 

 to oval, short-petioled, pointed, regularly and remotely toothed, hairy when young. 

 Timber fine-grained. Hardly distinct from 



a F. SYLVATICA, the European Beech, which has broader leaves, and is occasionally 

 cultivated, especially the variety with purple leaves. 



4. CORYLUS, Tourn. HAZEL-NUT. Sterile flowers in a cylindrical 

 ament, fertile flowers in a capitate one. Calyx represented by 2 scales in 

 the axil of a bract. Stam. 8, with half-anthers. 2 Ovary adherent, 2- 

 cvuled, 2-styled. Nut bony, roundish, 1-seeded, enclosed in a many-cleft 

 involucre. 5 Leaves acuminate, expanding after the flowers. May. 



1 C. Americana Walt. Shrub 5 1 Of ; leaves roundish, cordate ; involucre bell-form, 



much wider than the nut, coarsely toothed. Thickets : common. 



2 C. rostra ta Ait. ShrubS 6f; leaves ovate to oval ; involr -e bottle-shaped, longer 



than the nnt, 2-parted, with toothed segments. Thickets. 



3 C. AVELLANA. Filbert. Shrubs lOf; leaves as in No. 1 ; invv.ncre not larger than 



the large rounded nut. From Europe, rarely cultivated. 



5. OSTRYA, Michl. LEVER-WOOD. HOP HORNBEAM. $ Amenta 

 cylindrical, hairy. Calyx a scale, with 8 1-celled bearded anthers. 2 

 Aments loose, flowers in pairs under each deciduous scale ; ovary with 2 

 stigmas, enclosed in a sac (involucre), which in the hop-like fruit is inflated, 

 ovoid, and much larger than the nut. *> Wood very hard and strong. 



0. Vlrginloa Willd. Small tree 20 30f; leaves elliptical, acuminate, serrate; bnds 

 acute ; fertile ament oblong, pendulous, 2'. Woods. April, May. 



6. CARPINUS, L. HORNBEAM. IRON-WOOD. $ Aments long, cylin- 

 dric. Calyx a roundish ciliate scale, with 8 14 stamens, slightly bearded. 



2 Aments loose, with large oblong %-lobed bracts, each 1-3-flowered. Calyx 

 6-toothed. Stigmas 2. Nut ribbed. ^> April, May. 



C. Americana L. Tree small, 12 20f; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, serrate: 

 bracts of the fertile aments becoming leaf-like, 1' long. In woods. 



ORDER CXXIII. BETULACE^E. BIRCHWORTS. 



Trees or shrubs with bark in thin layers, leaves alternate, simple, straight- 

 veined, and with deciduous stipules. Flowers 8 , 3 together, in the axil of 

 each 3-lobed bract of the amen,t. Calyx 0. $ Stamens distinct, definite. 

 Antfiers 2-celled. $ Ovary 2-celled, 2-ovuled, becoming in fruit a thin, 1- 

 celled, 1-seeded nut. Figs. 163-4, 283, 296, 3^7, 812, 437 



