80 SOIL PHYSICS AND MANAGEMENT 



Chester Series. The Chester series occurs in the northern part 

 of the Piedmont Plateau, having been mapped only in Pennsylvania, 

 Maryland, and Virginia. The types in this series differ from those 

 in the Cecil series in having yellow or only slightly reddish yellow 

 subsoils and gray or brown surface soils, the latter being, on the 

 whole, lighter and more friable than the Cecil. Locally they are 

 known as " gray lands," to distinguish them from the " red lands " 

 of the Cecil series. The soils are adapted to general farm crops 

 and fruit. 



Durham Series. The soils of the Durham series are character- 

 ized by the grayish color of the surface and the yellow color of the 

 subsoils. They are derived from light-colored, rather coarse-grained 

 granite and gneiss, consisting principally of quartz and feldspar, 

 with some mica. 



Iredell Series. The soils of the Iredell series are light brown 

 to almost black in color and frequently carry small iron concretions. 

 The subsoils consist of extremely plastic, sticky or waxy clay of a 

 yellowish brown to greenish yellow color. Disintegrated rock is 

 often encountered within the three-foot section. The soils are best 

 suited to grain and grass. 



Lansdale Series. The Lansdale series is characterized by the 

 gray, drab, or brownish color of the soils and by the slaty gray to 

 pale yellowish color of the subsoil. They are derived from metamor- 

 phosed Triassic sandstone and shale. Moderate yields of hay, corn, 

 oats, wheat, and Irish potatoes are secured. 



Louisa Series. The soils of this series are predominantly gray 

 to light gray and the subsoils red. The material is derived from 

 talcose and micaceous schists and imperfect crystalline slates. They 

 are suited to corn, grain, forage crops, and cotton. 



Manor Series. The Manor soils are characterized by their yel- 

 lowish-brown to brown surface color and the yellow to yellowish- 

 red or dull red color of the subsoils. This series is also high in mica 

 in both soils and the subsoil. They are derived from mica and 

 chlorite schists. Good yields of corn, wheat, oats, Irish potatoes, 

 and hay are obtained. 



Penn Series. The Penn series includes Indian-red soils derived 

 through the processes of weathering from red sandstones and shales 

 of Triassic age. Detached areas of these rock formations occur in 

 shallow basins in the Piedmont Plateau from the vicinity of New 

 York to South Carolina. Corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, grass, apples, 



