88 SOIL PHYSICS AND MANAGEMENT 



light brown to yellowish brown color and silty texture of the sur- 

 face soils and the somewhat lighter color and more compact struc- 

 ture of the subsoils. These soils are derived from the loess and 

 occur in association with the Memphis soils. The topography is 

 smooth, flat to undulating. Cotton, corn, peanuts, oats, forage 

 crops, clover, cabbage and Irish potatoes give very good results. 



Shelby Series. The soils of this series are yellowish gray or 

 yellowish brown to brown in color. The subsoils are yellow or red- 

 dish yellow or light brown tenacious sandy clays. The subsoils 

 are derived from the Kansas drift and occupy steep stream slopes. 

 They were originally covered with white oak, some hickory, red oak 

 and elm. 



Trumbull Series. The Trumbull series consists of gray sur- 

 face soils, underlain by light gray or gray mottled with yellow sub- 

 soils, which at an average depth of about 18 inches becomes a mot- 

 tled gray and yellow. The soils are without limestone to a depth of 

 3 feet. They are derived from shales and sandstones. Corn, oats, 

 wheat and hay are the principal crops grown. 



Union Series. The soils of this series are characteristically 

 brown to grayish brown in color, of silty texture and friable struc- 

 ture, with yellowish brown silty and moderately friable subsoils. It 

 is probably partly of loessial origin. The topography is gently roll- 

 ing to hilly. 



Volusia Series. The soils of this series are the result of feeble 

 glaciation of the shales and sandstones of the Devonian and the 

 Upper Carboniferous rocks of eastern Ohio, southern New York, 

 and northern Pennsylvania. The underlying shales and sandstones 

 have given rise to a large proportion of the soil material, which has 

 been modified in varying degrees by other glacial material. The 

 series is well adapted to the production of timothy and small grains. 

 Wheat and corn give good yields at lower elevations. Over six 

 million acres have been mapped. 



Williams Series. The soils of this series are of a dark gray to 

 brown or dark brown color, generally underlain at 8 to 12 

 inches by lighter brown subsoils which grade quickly into 

 light gray, ashen or putty colored subsoils of calcareous character 

 and usually of fine and often of silty texture. Tl\ey are derived 

 from glacial material and contain gravel and boulders. The sur- 

 face is treeless and varies from level prairies to rough hilly terminal, 

 morainic belts. Nearly 14,500,000 acres have been mapped. - 



Wooster Series. The Wooster series includes the yellowish 



