CLASSIFICATION BY THE BUREAU OF SOILS 89 



brown glacial shale and sandstone soils, having unmottled brownish 

 gray subsoils. When dry the surface in plowed fields is a light gray, 

 but underneath the surface or when moist the soils are always 

 yellowish or light brown. The subsoils are of a brownish yellow 

 with just a slight tinge of red. They are derived from shales and 

 sandstones. Wheat, corn, oats, hay, and potatoes are the principal 

 crops grown. 



V. GLACIAL LAKE AND RIVER TERRACE PROVINCE 



The Glacial Ijake and River Terrace Province embraces two 

 classes of deposits. The first class includes deposits in the basins 

 of lakes formed by the advance and retreat of ice during the Glacial 

 period. These were temporary lakes which took form during the 

 period of the retreat of the ice or lakes that were formed then but 

 have since been drained through the operation of natural drainage 

 forces. 



The second class of deposits consists of those left within the 

 glaciated area by the streams that flowed from the ice during the 

 Glacial period. These streams were more abundantly supplied with 

 water from the melting ice than at present from the normal rainfall 

 of the glacial region. They also carried large quantities of gravel, 

 sand and finer material which were deposited in the valleys, form- 

 ing new slopes whose grades were determined by the load and cur- 

 rent of the streams. Since the reduction of tbe volumes of the 

 streams new valleys have been formed through the old material. 



The province consists of a large number of isolated areas, many 

 of them a square mile or less in extent. The river terraces are 

 developed as small, irregular areas or strips along the streams. The 

 larger areas lie within the former basins of the lakes. The principal 

 series are as follows: 



Chenango Series. This series consists of yellowish to light 

 brown surface soils and brown to yollow subsoils. The surface soils 

 vary in texture. The subsoils pass into stratified gravel or coarse 

 sand at three feet or more in depth The series includes terrace 

 soils occurring along streams. The soils are of high agricultural 

 value, and are well adapted to corn, alfalfa, potatoes, and truck 

 crops. 



4 Clyde Series. This series is characterized by dark brown to 

 black surface soils and gray, drab or mottled gray and yel- 

 lowish subsoils derived through deposition or reworking of the soil 



