LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



"The Farmer" L. H. Bailey Frontispiece 



FACING FACE 



1. Taughannock Falls, Ithaca, N. Y 4 



2. Soil and Stones Brought Down by a Stream .... 4 



3. Rock Split by the Growth of a Tree which Happened 



to Find Lodgment in a Crevice 5 



4. Ledge Being Torn Apart by the Growth of Tree Roots 



in the Crevices 5 



5. Erosion of a Mountain in Montana 6 



6. Niagara Falls, Canadian Side 6 



7. The Beginning of a Soil 6,000 Feet High, on Grand- 



father Mountain, North Carolina 7 



8. Mosses and Other Humble Plants on Ledges ... 7 



9. A Pond Filling Up, Plants Encroach Upon It More Every 



Year Until Finally It is Completely Filled .... 10 



10. A Pond Completely Filled by Plants 10 



11. The Humble Beginnings of a Soil 11 



12. The Great Usefulness of Plants as Soil Builders ... 11 



13. Mangrove Swamp in Florida 12 



14. Cocoanut Trees on the Coast of Florida 12 



15. Castings of Earthworms on Surface 13 



16. Ant-hill 13 



17. Pieces of Rock Split Off by Frost 13 



18. Lichens on Rock 13 



19. How Water Moves Through the Soil 18 



20. The Difference Between Surface Soil and Subsoil . 19 



21. How Plants Eat 19 



22. A Sedentary Soil of North Georgia 20 



23. A Transported Soil The "Palouse Country" of Oregon 



and Washington 20 



24 . An Alluvial or Water-made Soil The Moccasin Bend of 



the Tennessee River, From Lookout Mountain, Near 



Chattanooga, Tenn 21 



26. A Small Brook Doing Exactly the Same Work as the 



River Above 21 



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