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the cultivator may run between them. Some 

 horses have a mathematical eye and will keep their 

 feet between rows two feet apart without leading; 

 and the spike-tooth cultivator can be narrowed to 

 work between these rows, thus saving much wheel 

 hoeing and hand hoeing. It is harder and much 

 slower work to push a wheel or scuffle hoe than to 

 follow a cultivator. There are conditions, however, 

 when close planting may be desirable, as in the 

 home garden or in market gardens close to towns, 

 or for certain crops that thrive best when the 

 plants partially shade each other, as onions and root 

 crops. 



Hand Cultivators. Nearly all hand-tillage tools 

 beside hoes may be classified as hand cultivators, 

 scuffle hoes or scarifiers, and hand weeders. Hand 

 cultivators, erroneously called wheel-hoes, are of a 

 great variety of patterns, but all attempt to do the 

 work of a cultivator on a small scale. The larger 

 the wheel and the wider the tire the easier it over- 

 rides obstacles. Those with two wheels are 

 steadier, and also useful for straddling the row and 

 cultivating on both sides. Several styles of inter- 

 changeable teeth are usually sent with each tool, 

 including spike teeth, coulter teeth, hillers or 

 ridging sweeps and a large furrowing shovel. A 

 hand cultivator does excellent work in mellow soil ; 

 it is one of the most serviceable of gardening tools. 

 Many prefer it to the scuffle hoe for tilling onions, 

 carrots, radishes, lettuce and other closely planted 

 crops. 



Scuffle Hoes. These are of service chiefly 

 between rows planted less than fifteen inches 

 apart, as onions, carrots and the like. They 

 are made in various styles, but all have a single 

 blade which is pushed with a jerky motion along 



