SOILS. 



Missouri and also in the wild grape vine of California. It will 

 be noted at once that the latter directs its cord-like roots almost 

 vertically from the first, until it reaches a depth varying from 

 12 to 1 8 inches, where it begins to branch more freely, but still 

 with a strong dowmvard tendency in all. The roots of the 

 riverside grape, on the contrary, tend to spread almost hori- 

 zontally, branching freely at the depth of a few inches and 





FIG. 30. Root Growth of Resistant Grape Vines. 



manifestly deriving its supply both of plant-food and moisture 

 mainly from the surface soil. It is curious to observe the 

 behavior of this vine when cuttings are planted in California 

 vineyards as a resistant grafting-stock. Its first roots are 

 sent out horizontally, very much as is its habit in the East, so 

 long as the soil moisture is maintained near the surface. But 

 as the season advances, the more superficial rootlets are first 

 thrown out of action by the advancing dryness and heat of the 

 surface soil, and many finally die the first year. 



