FERMENTED AND DISTILLED LIQUORS. 



97 



Now prepare a water bath, the contents of which are kept at exactly 15 C., and 

 place in it the apparatus (covering the end of the tube with a rubber cap to prevent 

 wetting the inside of the tube) and flasks containing the 30 per cent fusel-free 

 alcohol, chloroform, sulphuric acid, and the distillate diluted to 30 per cent by 

 volume. When the solutions have all attained the tem- 

 perature of 15 C., fill the apparatus to the 20-cc mark 

 with the chloroform, drawing it through the lower tube by 

 means of suction, add 100 cc of the 30 per cent fusel-free 

 alcohol and 1 cc of the sulphuric acid, invert the apparatus 

 and shake vigorously for two or three minutes, interrupting 

 once or twice to open the stopcock for the purpose of equal- 

 izing pressure. Allow the apparatus to stand for one hour 

 in water that is kept at the temperature 51 of 15 C., turning 

 occasionally to hasten the settling of the chloroform and 

 note the volume of the chloroform. After thoroughly 

 cleansing and drying the apparatus repeat this operation, 

 using the diluted distillate from the sample under examina- 

 tion in place of the fusel-free alcohol. The increase in the 

 chloroform volume with the sample under examination 

 over that with the fusel-free alcohol is due to fusel oil, and 

 this difference (expressed in cubic centimeters) multiplied 

 by the factor 0.663 gives the volume of fusel oil in 100 cc, 

 which is equal to the percentage of fusel oil by volume in 

 the 30 per cent distillate. This must be calculated to the 

 percentage of fusel oil by volume in the original liquor. 



I''.r<i in i>fi'. \ sample of liquor contains 50 per cent of 

 alcohol by volume. The increase in the chloroform volume 

 with the 30 per cent fusel-free alcohol is 1.42 cc. The in- 

 crease in the chloroform volume with the distillate from 

 the liquor under examination diluted to 30 per cent is 1.62 

 cc; difference, 0.20 cc. The volume of fusel oil in 100 cc of 

 the 30 per cent distillate, then, is 0.20 X 0.663=0.1326, and 

 by the proportion 30:f>0::0.132l>:0.221 we obtain the per- 

 centage of fusel oil by volume in the original liquor. 



8. DKTKKMIN 



>N OK ALDEHYDES. 1 



FIG. 4. Bromwell's fusel-oil 

 apparatus. 



Dissolve 0.5 grams of fuchsin in about 100 cc of water; 

 add a solution containing the same weight of sulphurous 

 acid (H 2 SO S ); dilute to a liter and filter. With 1 volume of 

 this reagent mix 2 volumes of the 30 percent distillate obtained in the determination 



weaker alcohol by v. Mix v volumes of the stronger alcohol with water to make V volumes of the 

 product. Allow the mixture to stand till full contraction has taken place and till it has reached the 

 temperature of the original alcohol and water and make up any deficiency in the V volumes with 

 water. 



]-:.raiin>lt. H is desired to dilute a distillate containing 50 percent of alcohol by volume until it 

 contains :;<) percent. To 30 volumes of the 50 percent alcohol add enough water to make 50 volumes, 

 or place 150 ce of the distillate in a 250-cc. flask, fill to the mark with water, mix, cool, and till to the 

 mark again. 



Owing to the extreme diHiculty of preparing distillates of exactly :i() percent, slight variations may 

 he corrected by increasing or decreasing the chloroform reading, as suggested l>y Sell, O.OtWcc for each 

 0.01 percent variation in strength of alcohol from 30 per cent. Such variation, however, should not 

 d o.irj per cent. 



The temperature must be held as nearly 15" ('. ;is possible. If any variations occur the eh!6ro- 

 form must he. increased or. decreased 0.0-lf, cc for every degree above or below that temperature 

 ;.-bck A: Stiit/.er, /.tschr. ang. Chem., ls;, 132). 



' Mfdicus Korscli. nber Lebeiism., |,v.i5. 2, 299. 



NO. <;:, <>t> 



