THE METHOD OP AGE GRADATION 71 



The second investigation of feeble-minded chil- 

 dren, that of Goddard (47) likewise suffers from 

 lack of sufficiently detailed data. Goddard tested 

 the children and adults in the Institution for the 

 Feeble-Minded at Vineland, N. J., nearly 400 per- 

 sons in all, using the 1908 Binet series. He reports, 

 however, only the frequency with which the several 

 age-levels were reached and does not relate these 

 data to the chronological ages of his subjects, so that 

 it is quite impossible to determine the degree of re- 

 tardation from his tables. We can only derive cer- 

 tain conclusions that will be mentioned later on. 



The only thorough investigations that have thus 

 far been made upon large numbers of abnormal chil- 

 dren are, accordingly, the tests made at Breslau by 

 the psychiatrist Kramer (54) and Chotzen (in con- 

 junction with Nicolauer (43, 44) ). These investiga- 

 tors, by testing children of different types, have sup- 

 plemented each other's work in a fortunate manner. 

 Kramer's material consisted partly of young per- 

 sons who had been brought before the juvenile court 

 and referred thence to the psychiatrist for expert 

 opinion, partly of children that had visited the 

 clinics on account of mental or nervous affections. 

 Chotzen applied the tests in his capacity of city 

 school medical inspector for special classes: he, 

 therefore, tested all the children that were newly 

 turned over to the special school for defectives. 

 While Kramer had to do mostly with older children, 

 Chotzen 's business led him to deal mostly with chil- 

 dren aged eight and nine years, but he extended his 

 investigation by including some of the older children 

 in the special school. The technique was patterned 



