222 THE OCEAN. 



ore the one just mentioned, the Crested Penguin (A. 

 chrijsocome), and the Jackass Penguin {A. demersa). 

 The latter lias obtained its title from its nightly 

 habit of emitting discordant sounds, which have 

 been likened to the effusions of our humble sonorous 

 friend of the common. Tliis species seems to deviate 

 from the general manner of breeding, as it buiTOWs 

 on the sandy hills, and is more sensible of injury 

 than its fellows. For Foster describes the ground as 

 everywhere so much bored, that a person in walking 

 often sinks up to the knees; and if the Penguin 

 chance to be in her hole, she revenges herself on the 

 passenger by fastening on his legs, which she bites 

 very hard. 



The following notices of these singular birds, by 

 those who have seen them in their haunts, are 

 interesting, as illustrative of their economy : — " One 

 day," says Mr. Darwin, " having placed myself 

 between a Penguin and the water, I was much 

 amused by watching its habits. It was a brave 

 bird ; and, till reaching the sea, it regularly fought 

 and drove me backwards. Nothing less than heavy 

 blows would have stopped him; every inch gained 

 he firmly kept, standing close before me, erect and 

 determined. When thus opposed, he continually 

 rolled his head from side to side in a very odd 

 manner, as if the power of vision lay only in the 

 anterior and basal part of each eye. This bird is 

 commonly called the Jackass Penguin, from its habit, 

 while on shore, of throwing its head backwards, and 

 making a loud strange noise, very like the braying 

 of that animal; but while at sea and undisturbed 



