GLANDERS. . 543 



cold, it develops an acute pneumonia or other simple inflammatory 

 trouble which starts up the latent disease and the animal has acute 

 glanders. 



In the ass, mule, and plethoric horses acute glanders usually termi- 

 nates by lobular pneumonia. In other cases the general symptoms 

 may subside. The symptoms of pneumonia gradually disappear, the 

 temperature lowers, the pulse becomes slower, the ulcers heal, leaving 

 small indurated cicatrices, and the animal may return to apparent 

 health, or may at least be able to do a small amount of work with but 

 a few symptoms of the disease remaining in a chronic form. During 

 the attack of acute glanders the inflammation of the nasal cavities 

 frequently spreads into the sinuses or air cells, which are found in the 

 forehead and in front of the eyes on either side of the face, and cause 

 abscesses of these cavities, which may remain as the only visible 

 symptom of the disease. An animal which has recovered from a case 

 of acute glanders, like the animals Avhich are afJ'ected by chronic 

 glanders and chronic farcy, are apt to be affected with emphysema of 

 the lungs or the heaves, and to have a chronic cough. In this condi- 

 tion they may continue for a long period, serving as dangerous sources 

 of contagion, the more so because the slight amount of discharge does 

 not serve as a warning to the owner or driver as profuse discharge 

 does in the more acute cases. 



At the post-mortem examination of an animal which has been de- 

 stroyed or has died of glanders we find evidences of the various 

 lesions which we have studied in the symptoms. In addition to this, 

 we find nodules similar to those which we have seen on the exterior 

 throughout the various organs of the body. Nodules may be found 

 in the liver, in the spleen, and in the kidneys. We may find infiam- 

 mation of the periosteum of the bones, and we have excessive altera- 

 tions in the marrow in the interior of the bones themselves. Both of 

 these conditions during the life of the animal may have been the cause 

 of the lamenesses which were difficult to diagnose. 



In one case which came under the observation of the writer, a lame 

 horse was destroyed and found to have a large abscess of the bone of 

 the arm, with old nodules of the lungs. AVhen an animal has died 

 immediately after an attack of a primary acute case of glanders, we 

 find small V-shaped spots of acute pneumonia in the lungs. If the 

 animal has made ;iii ajiparent recovery from acute glanders, and in 

 cases of chronic farcy and chronic glanders, no matter how few the 

 external and visible symptoms may have been, there is a deposit of 

 nodules — small, hard, indurated nodes — of new connective tissue to be 

 found in the lungs. "When these have existed for some time we may 

 find a deposit of lime salts in them. These indurated nodules retain 

 the virus and their jiower to give out contagion for almost an indefi- 

 nite time, and predispose to the causes which we have studied as the 



