VIIL] irOMOLO(JIES. XC9 



CHAPTER VIIL 



HOMOLOGIES. 



Animals itindo up of Tarts mutually related in Various Ways. — "Wliat lloniolopj' Is 

 — Its Various Kinds. — Serial llomolop)-. — I>ateral Ilomoiopy. — Vertlcnl Homology. 

 — Mr. Herliert Hjiencer's Kxplanations. — An Internal Power necessary, as shown hy 

 Facts of (.'omparativo Anatomy. — Of Teratology. — M. Pt. Ililalro. — Prof. l?iirt Wilder- 

 — Foot-winps.— Faet.s of Patliolopy.— Mr. James Pacet.— Dr. William Hudd.— The 

 Existence of sueh an Internal Powerof Individual Development dlminlshas tho Im- 

 probttbillty of an Anftlojjous Law of Spoclflc Oriylnation. 



That concrete whole wliich is spoken of as " an indi- 

 vidual " (such, e. g., as a bird or a lobster) is formed of a 

 more or less complex aggregation of parts which are 

 actually (from whatever cause or causes) grouped together 

 in a harmonious intcrdependcncy, and which have a multi- 

 tude of complex relations among themselves. 



The mind detects a certain- number of these relations 

 as it contemplates the various component parts of an 

 individual in one or other direction — as it follows up 

 different lines of thought. These perceived relations, 

 though subjective, as relatioiis^ have nevertheless an 

 objective foundation as real parts, or conditions of parts, of 

 real wholes ; they are, therefore, true relations — such, e. g., 

 as those between the right and left hand, between the hand 

 and the foot, etc. 



The component parts of each concrete whole have also 

 a relation of resemblance to the parts of other concrete 

 wholes, whether of the same or of different kinds, as the 

 resemblance between the hands of two men, or that between 

 the hand of a man and the fore-paw of a cat. 

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