168 TOHTRICINA. 



uniform chocolate- brown. The costal markings are usually of 

 this latter colour, whatever the variety. 



The imago appears from September to November, and in some 

 seasons very plentifully, in others but sparingly. It occurs at 

 Darenth, Greenhithe, and Birch Woods ; at Pashley in Sussex, 

 at Wimbledon Common, Mickleham, Sanderstead Downs and 

 vicinity; in Argyleshire in Scotland, and in Ireland in the 

 neighbourhood of Belfast. 



The pupa measures 4 lines in length ; is of a hazel or ferru- 

 ginous colour, the wing-cases glossy, the remainder of the 

 surface dull. 



The larva is pale olive-green, inclining to yellow, with a darker 

 dorsal vessel ; is full-fed in August or September, according to 

 seasons ; 6 to 7 lines in length. Head immaculate, pale, luteous, 

 and diaphanous ; labrum brown ; shield greenish, shining, and 

 very transparent, immaculate ; anal segment opaque-green, with 

 a few black punctures on the disk. Feeds on Viburnum lantana ; 

 in its young state it puckers the leaves downwards, by drawing 

 two of the side-ribs together with a thick spinning of drab- 

 coloured silk. In its full-grown state it folds the leaf backwards, 

 first longitudinally on one side, or parallel with the midrib ; and 

 afterwards turning the upper part of the leaf down at right angles 

 to the direction of the first fold ; the leaves thus present a very 

 crumpled appearance, by which the larva? may easily be detected. 

 It eats away the under portion of the leaf. 



4. rufana, Schiff. Alis anticis pallide ochraceis ; atomis nigris 

 sparsis ; costa alba vel cretacea ; posticis nitidis albicantibus. 

 3 Exp. al. 9-10 lin. 



Head and face pale drab. Eyes black. Palpi longer than the 

 head, dark drab, or pale ferruginous, above and at the sides, dusky 

 at the apex, paler beneath. Antennae drab, basal joint clothed with 

 pale ferruginous scales. Thorax and patagia drab, the former paler 

 behind. Anterior wings glossy, pale ochreous, or clay-colour, with 

 the costa broadly dirty white to beyond the middle, a whitish cloud 

 towards the base, and the disk freckled with numerous minute black 

 spots. Apical scales pale ferruginous. Cili a pale ferruginous, with 

 the tips and bases pale drab. Posterior wings glossy, at the base pale 

 grey, merging into an ochreous tint at the margins ; on the under 

 surface speckled at the apex with iron-grey. Marginal scales and 

 cilia (the latter long) pale drab. Abdomen glossy grey, the caudal 

 tuft inclining to pale ochreous. $ Exp. al. 8^-9J lin. 



Exceedingly variable ; the ground-colour of the anterior wings 



