TORTRICINA. 179 



ferruginous to umber. Some specimens have the upper wings 

 distinctly and thickly speckled with black spots. 



In appearance it much resembles Param. aspersana and Dic- 

 tyopteryx contaminana ; from the former it may be distinguished 

 by its size and by its usually more even colour of the wings; 

 from the latter, by the absence of any sharply- defined reticulated 

 markings. 



The imago appears from July to October, and sometimes as 

 late as November, and is a common insect among Birch. It 

 occurs throughout the metropolitan district, at Coombe and Da- 

 renth Woods, Charlton, West Wickham, and Wimbledon Com- 

 mon ; also at Powerscourt, county Wicklow, Ireland. 



The pupa measures from 4-4^ lines in length ; is sometimes 

 of a ferruginous colour, at others chestnut-brown, darkest towards 

 the head. This state continues about three weeks. 



The larva is full-grown about the middle of September, and is 

 7 lines in length, of a pale-green colour, with a darker dorsal 

 vessel. The head is jet-black, somewhat rugose and shining ; 

 the shield is jet-black, narrowly pale on its anterior margin, 

 with a slender dorsal division ; the spots same colour as the 

 body, but elevated and shining. This larva appears to be vari- 

 able : in some instances the head is rich brown, with the shield 

 broadly pale in front, and not so dark coloured, and mottled be- 

 hind ; and sometimes the shield has two crescent-shaped black 

 marks towards the posterior margin. It feeds on the Birch, and 

 puckers the leaf by a slight web of white silk. 



3. Caledoniana, Bentley MSB. Alls anticis brunneis ; strigis macu- 

 lisque saturatioribus ; posticis fusco-griseis apice saturatioribus. 

 c? Exp. al. 6|-7 lin. 



Head and face rusty brown. Eyes black. Palpi above and at the 

 sides dull dusky brown, paler between and beneath towards the 

 base. Antennae dull brown. Thorax and patagia same colour as 

 the head. Anterior wings shining, dull reddish brown, with darker 

 markings and reticulations towards the apex ; in some specimens a 

 broadish, undefined, obscure brown fascia may be traced, more visible 

 when viewed obliquely ; there are several minute tufts in the middle 

 and towards the apex ; towards the base and between the costal and 

 dorsal margins is a dark brown tuft, somewhat larger than the rest. 

 Apical scales brown, with paler bases. Cilia grey, becoming paler at 

 the anal angle. Posterior wings pale grey at the base, fuscous at 

 the apex. Marginal scales and cilia grey, the former with paler 

 bases. Abdomen fuscous, with the caudal tuft dull straw-colour. 



Distinguished from its congeners by its dark colour and 



N 2 



