EXPLANATION TO PLATE III. 



The enlarged figures or diagrams at the top show the varieties which occur in the venation of the wings 

 in the group Tortricina. 

 The anatomy of the ANTERIOR WINGS is divided into Margins, Cells, Veins, Nervures, and Folds. 



A. The costa, or costal MARGIN : from the base to the apex. 



B. The apical margin : from the apex to the anal angle. 

 A'. The dorsal margin : from the anal angle to the base. 



D. The discoidal CELL, occupying the central portion of the wing. 



The VEINS are five in number, and are either independent processes, or serve for the insertion of the 

 nervures. 



a. The costal vein : this starts from the base, and proceeds to about the middle of the costa. 

 6. The subcostal vein : forming the upper edge of the discoid*! cell. 



c. The apical vein : at the apex of the discoidal cell, joining the subcostal vein to 



d. The median vein, which forms the lower edge of the discoidal cell. 



e. The dorsal vein, is furcate at the base, and runs more or less parallel with the dorsal margin. 

 The NERVURES are either external or internal : external when outside the discoidal cell, and internal 



when within it. 



The EXTERNAL NERVURES are usually ten in number (in Amphisa there are only eight), and are 

 divided into subcostal, apical, or submedian nervures respectively, from their being inserted in the sub- 

 costal, apical, or median veins. 



The SUBCOSTAL NERVURES are three in number (in Amphisa only two), and are marked 1, 1 a, 1 b, 

 in the diagram. 



The APICAL NERVURES are either five or six in number, all springing from the apical vein. When 

 there are only Jive (as in Amphisa, Ditula, Grapholita, &c.), the first one is invariably furcate ; and 

 when there are six, they are all simple. These veins are marked 2, 2 a, 2 b, 2 d, 2 e, and 2/ in the diagram. 



The SUBMEDIAN NERVURE takes its origin at the centre of the median vein, and is marked 3. 



Note. The dotted lines parallel to the first or furcate apical nervure represent the positions of the two 

 simple nervures, when the whole six are present. 



There is only one INTERNAL NERVURE, which takes its rise on the subcostal vein, and reaches to the 

 apical vein ; thus enclosing a small space or cell. 



Note. Occasionally there is an internal spur (5) on the subcostal vein, towards the base, as in 

 Phtheochroa. 



The FOLDS are two in number, both represented by dotted lines : one running longitudinally through 

 the centre of the wing, and lying between b and d, the other lying between d and e. 



Posterior Wings. 



As these organs are folded longitudinally in repose, considerable modification in their structure is 

 necessary to that end, as compared with the anterior pair, which are always extended. 



The margins, however, are the same, viz. the costal, c, apical and dorsal, D ; the apical margin being 

 divided into B, the apical angle, c' the anal angle, and at E is the basal angle. 



The venation consists of two portions, separated by the central fold (4) : the uppermost comprises the 

 costal (a) and subcostal (b) veins, united at the base, and the latter giving out two nervures (1 and 1 a) at 

 the apex. 



The lower portion consists of the median vein, from which spring, at about one-third from its apex, the 

 supermedian nervure, 2, and the submedian nervure, 2 a, and from the middle, the central median 

 nervure, 2 b. 



4 a represents the superdorsal fold. 



4 b represents the dorsal fold. 



The portion marked 3, and represented by dotted lines, is the analogue of the apical vein of the dis- 

 coidal cell in the anterior wings, and in outward appearance resembles the other veins and nervures ; but 

 it differs structurally from them, in being solid instead of hollow *, and forms a kind of hinge, or ligature, 

 to admit of the folding of the wing at that part. The reason for this departure from the usual structure 

 is, doubtless, to prevent it from cracking or breaking, to which it would certainly be liable if it were 

 hollow ; for instance, a straw or reed cannot be bent into an angle without rupture, laterally and longitu- 

 dinally, but a sinew may be. 



EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES IN PLATE III. 

 Family 1. TORTRICIDJE. 



Fig. 1. a. Antenna of Sarrothripa revayana. 



b. Maxillary palpus of ditto. 



Fig. 2. Antenna $ , anterior and posterior wings of Amphisa Gerningiana ; also a highly magnified por- 

 tion of the antenna. 



Fig. 3. Maxillary palpus, anterior and posterior wings of Penthina Salicella. 

 Fig. 4. Maxillary palpus, anterior and posterior wings of Tortrix viridana. 



Family 2. PLICATJE. 



Fig. 5. Maxillary palpus, anterior and posterior wings of Loxoteeniu fulvana $ . 



Fig. 6. Antenna <J , maxillary palpus, anterior and posterior wings of Ditula angustiorana. 



Fig. 7. See description to Plate IV. 



Fig. 8. Anterior and posterior wings of Halonota scutulana. 



Family 3. ANCHYLOPERIDJE. 



Fig. 9- Anterior and posterior wings of Spilonota neglectana. 

 Antenna and maxillary palpus of Spilonota dealbana. 



Fig. 10. Antenna and maxillary palpus of Anchylopera Mitterbacheriana. 

 Anterior and posterior wings of Anchylopera derasana. 



Family 4. PERONEIDJE. 



Fig. 11. Maxillary palpus of Oxygrapha liter ana. 



Anterior and posterior wings of Peronea favillaceana. 

 Fig. 12. Antenna, maxillary palpus, anterior and posterior wings of Teras cavdana. 



* The veins and nervures are all hollow tubes, so as to admit of the passage of fluid or air through them ; 

 but their principal office is to keep the membrane of the wing extended. 



