92 , 



Calumet river, along which are extensive marshes, which form a favo- 

 rite haunt for various waterfowl. Along the Lake shore, in north- 

 western Indiana, extending thence slightly into Illinois, is the Pinery, 

 a peculiar, sandy, barren tract of land partly covered by a sparse 

 growth of pines and deciduous underbrush, with, near the Lake, 

 patches of juniper. Lake County has much more woodland, and ia 

 more hilly or rolling than Cook County. Extending along the Lake 

 shore, from the northern border of the state nearly the entire length 

 of this county, is a tract quite similar to the Pinery before described, 

 except that here the sand-hills near the Lake are nearly covered with 

 the junipers ( Juniper us commit nis). Throughout this county arc scat- 

 tered a large number of small lakes, many of which have a marshy 

 border and are much frequented by waterfowls, both during the mi- 

 grations and the breeding season. 



The woods near Lake Michigan, in both these counties, are upon 

 ridges extending parallel to the Lake shore, which are separated by 

 belts of prairie. These ridges form convenient highways for the 

 woodland species during the migrations. The water birds either fol- 

 low the Lake shore or the river courses. The migrations of the latter 

 are almost directly north and south, but with the woodland species it 

 Is quite different. They follow the heavily wooded river bottoms 

 from the south, and approach the sparsely wooded states along the 

 upper Mississippi in immense numbers, where they swerve toward 

 the heavily wooded region qf the northern Lake region, where they 

 find extensive breeding grounds. This change in the direction of 

 their migration causes them to move diagonally across the northern 

 half of Illinois toward the north-east. To this we arc indebted for 

 the vast numbers of migrants found along the Lake in this vicinity. 

 Weary from their flight up the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, they 

 halt along the inviting ridges bordering the Lake. After a short rest 

 they resume their northward way, striking boldly across the Lake 

 towards their summer homes in northern Michigan and beyond. I 

 have many times stood upon a wooded bluff on the Lake shore and 

 seen flock after flock of warblers and other small birds pass out of 

 Sight over the Lake. 



The fall migration is less uniform, the birds straggling along in 

 such a manner that it is difficult to trace any movement except a gen- 

 eral inclination to the south. A severe storm upon the Lake during 

 the spring migration works sad havoc among the birds, for when a 

 fog arises they become bewildered and perish by thousands, and large 

 numbers are washed ashore. An instance of this kind occurred the 

 last of May, 187G, when I counted over two hundred birds, represent- 

 ing over fifty species, in walking about a mile along the Lake shore. 



Formany valuable notes included in the present paper I am indebted 



