173 



10-03; stretch of wings, 15-95; wing, 4-96; tail, 3-87; bill (cnlraen), 

 84; from anterior margin of nostril, -53; tarsus, 1-26. The winter 

 residents give larger measurements than the summer residents. A 

 very fine male, shot March 3rd, 1875, measured as follows : length, 

 10-49; stretch, 16-32; wing, 5-31; tail, 4-12. Another remarkably fine 

 male, shot April 30th, 1878, measures: length, 10-10; stretch, 16-25; 

 wing, -5; tail, 3-05. These specimens represent the extremes of both 

 seasons. 



2. Turdus mustelirms, Gmelin. WOOD THRUSH. A common 

 summer resident; breeds abundantly. Arrives about May 10th (May 

 13, 1874; 10, 1875; 8, 1876; 7, 1877; April 30, 1878). 



The Wood Thrush is our best songster. We have no other bird 

 whose song can be compared with its. It is sometimes found in gar- 

 dens, about residences, and again, it is found in the deepest solitudes 

 of the forest, its manners differing proportionately to its different 

 habitations; but in general it is gentle and unsuspicious if not dis- 

 turbed. It commences to lay quite soon after its arrival. A nest was 

 found containing three eggs on May 17th, 1873, and on May llth, 1878, 

 several nearly completed nests were examined, besides one containing 

 an egg. It stays until the last of September (September 25, 1874; 

 Octobers, 1875; September 20, 1876; 30, 1878). 



Dimensions. Average measurements of six specimens : length, 8 '29 ; 

 stretch, 13-70; wing, 4-44; tail, 2-92. 



3. Turdus pallasi, Cabanis. HERMIT THRUSH. Very abundant 

 through the migrations. A few sometimes winter. Arrives from the 

 South about the 1st of April (March 26, 1872; April 8, 1873; 14, 1874; 

 2, 1875; 21, 1876 [not seen again till May 2] ; 22, 1877; 15, 1878). It 

 remains here until sometime in May (April 30, 1875; May 3, 1876; 12, 

 1877; April 26, 1878). Returning, in autumn, it arrives from the 

 North early in October (15, 1876; 7, 1877), remaining till about the 

 1st of November (9, 1874; October 28 [or later], 1876). 



The Hermit Thrushes remained here throughout the severe winter 

 of 1874-75, when birds of the Canadian Fauna, such as the Pine Gros- 

 beak (Pinicola enucleator), the two Crossbills (Loxia curvirostra, var. 

 americana, and L. leucoptera), and the Lesser Redpolls (^Egiothus 

 linaria) were very numerous. They inhabited the cedar groves, near 

 the river, in company with the Purple Finch (Carpodacus purpurens"). 

 They were always quite silent, except for the utterance of an occa- 

 sional low chuck-, this note, in autumn, is sometimes so loudly re- 

 peated as to remind one of the Blackbird's. A few of these winter- 

 ing birds were seen as late as March 20th, and the regular migrants 

 appeared April 2nd. They have been observed in winter at several 

 places lower down the Hudson. 9 Except the Robins, they are the 



8 See article in Bulletin of the Nuttall Club, Vol. IV, p. 34, January, 1S79. 



