103 



Populus balsamifera, L., var. candicans. (BALM OF GILKAD.) Not 

 a native of the county, but very extensively introduced. It is a tree 

 of rapid growth. A fine specimen at the foot of Daniels St., Salem, 

 planted about the year 1790, measured in 1875, was 13 feet in circum- 

 ference 4 feet from the ground. Another beside it was nearly as 

 large. Their height was about 70 feet. 



POPULUS DILATATA, Ait. (LOMBARD Y POPLAR.) Introduced early 

 as an ornamental tree along old roads, where the ruins of many are 

 now to be seen. 



Populus alba, L. (SILVER-LEAVED POPLAR.) Also introduced as 

 an ornamental and shade tree. There are many to be found in the 

 cities and old towns, 10 or 12 feet in circumference. 



CONIFEBJE. 



(PINE Family.) 



Pinus rigida, Mill. (PITCH PINE.) One of our commonest 

 forest trees, growing in all parts of the county. Very few trees are 

 to be found of large size, and as a general thing they are of slow 

 growth. Mr. Sears measured several trees of this species in Beverly, 

 which were 6 feet in circumference at the ground, one being, 



Circumference 6 feet 10 inches, 2 feet from ground. 



" 6 " at 5 feet above. 



Height 80 feet. 



Pinus resinosa, Ait. (RED PINE.) On the land of Mr. John 

 Dwinnell, of Boxford, is undoubtedly the finest grove of Red Pines 

 to be seen in this part of the state. There are perhaps eighty trees, 

 most of them nearly 90 feet high, the largest 7 feet in circumference. 

 They are on the southern slope of a hill which borders on a swamp, 

 and as the forests around them have been cut away it is to be feared 

 that this little grove will be injured by exposure to the severe winds. 

 In the vicinity are to be found a few small trees, seedlings from the 

 older ones in the grove. Only a very few Red Pines are reported in 

 any other part of the county. Georgetown, Mrs. Homer, West New- 

 bury, Wm. Merrill. Two trees at Peabody, Mr. Brown, one tree at 

 Andover, Prof. Goldsmith. 



Pinus Strobus, L. (WHITE PINK.) The White Pine may be 

 considered as the forest tree of Essex County, so greatly does it 

 predominate over other species. 



Mr. Sears was informed by old residents of Boxford, that eighty years 

 ago the woods of that town consisted chiefly of Hickories and Oaks, 

 where now the Pine is the only tree. From the statements of various 

 persons it would appear that the pines in the region of Beverly were 

 now growing at a faster rate than those near Danvers and Topsfleld, 

 owing perhaps to the exhaustion of the proper elements in the soil of 



