of the discovery in California of human remains and of the 

 works of man under beds of volcanic material, where they 

 were associated with the remains of extinct post-pliocene 

 animals, and to the necessity of looking to this early race 

 for much that it seems otherwise impossible to account. 

 He thought that what is called the " Eskimo element," in 

 the physical characters and arts of the southern Cali- 

 fornians, was very likely due to the impress from a primi- 

 tive American stock, which is probably to be found now 

 in its purest continuation in the Innuit. In this connec- 

 tion he dwelt upon the probability of more than one type 

 of man. In following out this argument, he called atten- 

 tion to the distinctive characters in different tribes of In- 

 dians on the Pacific coast, and stated his belief that they 

 had resulted from an admixture of the descendants of dif- 

 ferent stocks. The Californians of three hundred years ago, 

 he thought, were the result of development by contact of 

 tribe with tribe through an immense period of time, and 

 that the primitive race of America, which was as likely 

 autochthonous and of pliocene age, as of Asiatic origin, 

 had stamped its impress on the people of California. The 

 early races of America he believed were dolichocepali, 

 and the short-headed people he thought were made up of 

 a succession of intrusive tribes in a higher stage of devel- 

 opment, which in time overran the greater part of both 

 North and South America, conquering and absorbing the 

 long-headed people, or driving them to the least desirable 

 parts of the continent. He thought that the evidence was 

 conclusive that California had been the meeting ground 

 of many distinct tribes of the widely spread Mongoloid 

 stock ; for in no other way could he account for the re- 

 markable commingling of customs, arts and languages, 

 and the formation of the large number of petty tribes 



