72 METHODS OF SUBJECTION. 



a straight, even pull upon the mouth backward, and prevent 

 the horse from turning around. While he is standing or 

 moving, according to circumstances, after giving the com- 

 mand to back or whoa, give a sharp, raking jerk upon the 

 reins, and repeat at short intervals. In all ordinary cases 

 the submission will be quick and easy ; but in plucky, bad 

 cases, the resistance may be very determined. In fact, in 

 many cases the resistance may be so great that it may seem 

 impossible to make the horse yield ; but this should not 

 discourage. Perseverance will in all cases bring success. 



If the horse warms up much, and becomes sullenly in- 

 different to the pressure of the bit upon the mouth, by re- 

 peating the lesson it is rarely he will not be found to sub- 

 mit in a few minutes. At any rate the lesson must be so 

 thorough that there will be unconditional submission. In 

 all my experience I never found more than half a dozen 

 cases that did not submit to one or two lessons. The point 

 is to persevere, repeating, if necessary, until there is suc- 

 cess. 



More extended details in the application of this bit will 

 be found in chapters on " Colt Training," and " Running 

 Away." As training the mouth by this bit is not always 

 desirable on account of the work'of doing it, and the lack 

 of skill and practice in using it, I include other forms of 

 bits which will enable the control of horses more directly 

 and with great success: 1. The Four-ring Bit; 2. The 

 Half Moon Bit; 3. The Spoon Bit; and 4. The Patent 

 Bridle. 



FOUR-RING, OR UPPER JAW BIT. 



In controlling a horse by the head, we find that one of 

 the most sensitive parts of the mouth is the roof of the up- 



