DETAILS OF TREATMENT. 187 



shafts on each side. There should be pieces of leather or 

 iron screwed to the under sides of the shafts to keep the 

 ends in place. 



Two points must be kept in mind in order to be success, 

 ful : 1st. The shafts must be so stiff that they will not 

 bend much. 2nd. The strap over the hip should be so 

 strong that it will not break, and just tight enough to be 

 drawn straight when in place, but not so long as to give 

 any freedom to raise the hips. 



FOUR-RING BIT. 



The four-ring bit by its power will sometimes throw 

 the nose up, and occasionally make a doubtful, headstrong- 

 horse drive all right ; but it is best 

 adapted for the management of 

 headstrong luggers. Sometimes a 

 strong-headed puller that cannot 

 be held by an ordinary bit will 

 drive gentle with this. The ef- 

 fectiveness of this bit is in the 

 pressure of its center against the FIG. 165.- Crupper as wound 

 roof of the mouth. As made here- to prevent catching the rein " 

 tofore, when pulled upon very hard, these rings would slide 

 in so far as to prevent the desired purchase against the 

 palate. To prevent this, I devised the slot, or obstruction. 



Sometimes the Patent Bridle will work quite well in the 

 management of kickers. 



For the Breaking Big, see illustration with description 

 in first chapter. 



It may be asked, " Is there any medicine by which you 

 can make a horse gentle?" See "Medicine" in "Subjec- 

 tion." 



