METHOD OF TEEATMENT. 289 



handled that the end of the nose can be struck with quick- 

 ness and precision. If long and unwieldy, it cannot be 

 handled with the effectiveness necessary, as there is dan- 

 ger of hitting around the eyes and head, which must not 

 be done. 



Another point : The horse must not at first be hitched 

 where he cannot, if necessary, be punished with the whip. 

 When he goes back, punish instantly. When he jumps for- 

 ward, make a noise, crack the whip, or anything else, but 

 do not strike him. It is advisable to let him stand quietly 

 where treated until cool. He may, when left alone, try to 

 pull again once or twice, but this will only fix the impres- 

 sion the stronger until he will give up the contest. Next, 

 he should be tested at other points, though not very se- 

 verely. If he pulls, the punishment should be quick and 

 sharp until submissive. It does no good to break a horse 

 only sufficiently to make him stand quietly when not ex- 

 cited or frightened. To be effective, he must be made to 

 stand quietly, regardless of any of the usual causes of ex- 

 citement. Unless this can be done, the horse cannot be 

 risked hitched in the street, or at any place where exposed 

 to any causes of fear. Hitching to a limb of a tree, which 

 will give when pulled upon, will prevent the habit during 

 the time hitched, but when tied to an unyielding post or 

 manger he is again liable to pull. 



RUNNING BACK IN THE STALL WHEN UNHITCHED. 



For ordinary cases of running back in the stall when 

 unhitched, tie a little longer than for halter-pulling ; then 

 untie the halter, and the horse will run back to the point 

 of being disabled and hurt. This will cause him to jump 

 ahead. Repeat, at each time tying a little longer, until 

 the nose will come on a line with the back end of the stall, 

 when he should be hit sharply across the nose until he 



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