SHOEING. 645 



and more vital structures). They are not applicable to feet having 

 naviculap disease. They are not applicable when, in applying them, 

 it is necessary to disturb the normal relation of the bones of the 

 limb. They will bo found particularly useful in strong feet that 

 have corns in both heels, and in the case of bad interferers." 



FIG. 454:. Inferior (lower side) FIG. 455. Superior (upper side) surface 



concave surface of shoe. of shoe, bearing on the sole. 



I give here illustrations of the form of shoe and method of 

 preparing the foot advised by 

 Prof. Williams of the Edinboro 

 College. The shoe is concave on 

 the ground surface, flat on the 

 bearing surface, and drawn back 

 to the thickness of the wall at 

 the heels. 



" The calkins and toe pieces 

 should be done away with for all 

 kinds of horses except those used 

 for heavy draft in towns where 

 the streets are paved and steep. 

 It is urged that all horses required 

 to go beyond a walking pace are 

 injured by shoes with turned up 

 heels and toes. Farm horses and 

 those employed on macadamized FIG. 456. The foot prepared for the 

 roads are better without than with shoe. The sole, frog, and bars un- 

 toe pieces, although the pace at touched with the knife for two 

 which they are required to go is years; the natural length 



never faster than a walk. In fact, of toe and depth of 



all horses, when possible, should wall kept in their 



be shod With a flat shoe. The relative positions by the rasp only. 



