662 SHOEING. 



of giving more bearing surface to the laminated structure. This 

 inner quarter or wall is very much thinner and more elastic, and 

 on this account it becomes necessary to give very particular at- 

 tention to the adjustment and freedom of the part. 



There has been much speculation during the past few years in 

 relation to the cause of this quarter's giving out before the other, as 

 nature evidently intended it to stand strain and wear equally 

 with other parts. The cause, undoubtedly, is the interference in 

 its mobility by bad fitting and nailing. This being true, it is ev- 

 ident that the principal nailing should be at the toe and front, 

 because there is more horn there to nail to, and less liability to do 

 harm by separating and breaking the fibers of the wall. They 



FIG. 4S2. FIG. 483. 



Turner. The unilateral method of nailing, with 

 model of a shoe. 



should not extend any farther back into the quarters than is 

 barely necessary to give a safe hold of the shoe to the foot. The 

 fewer and smaller the nails driven, the better, providing they are 

 sufficient to hold the shoe. But much will depend, in doing this, 

 on the accuracy of the fitting, thickness of the wall, and weight 

 of the shoe. 



If the nails are driven well back on the outer quarter, and 

 only round in the toe of the inner side, for the purpose of affording 

 more freedom to the quarters, it will be found that as the foot 

 grows, the shoe will be carried to the outside quarter and toe to 

 such an extent that the inner heel of the shoe will be drawn inside 

 of the wall at the heel, and rest upon the sole, causing a bruise or 

 corn. In addition, so much of the shoe being left unnailed, makes 

 it liable to get loose and work under the quarter, which would 

 cause a rapid wearing or breaking down of structure. All things 



