838 DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 



tices as directed. The important point is not to lose time in 

 combating the difficulty from the start, but resort to all means 

 available that will give relief, and thus a valuable horse may be 

 saved, which under the ordinary circumstance of delay, indecis- 

 ion, and ignorant bad treatment, would be inevitably ruined. 



I have forgotten to mention in place, that it is important, 

 when there is extreme pain, to give relief for it by giving one 

 to two drachms of powdered opium or five to ten grains of 

 morphine, or, if available, by injecting under the skin one to two 

 grains of morphine, as there is nothing that tells upon the strength 

 of a horse so quickly as severe pain. 



CHRONIC FOUNDER. 



When the inflammation is very intense, and is allowed to con- 

 tinue very long, there is an exudate or lymph thrown out that 

 separates the wall from the sensible laminae at the toe. In time 

 there are immorphus horn cells, grown from the sensitive laminae, 

 or phodofilous tissues of the coffin-bone, making a soft, spongy 

 horn, which, pressing against the wall in front, forces the anterior 

 part of the bone downward against the sole, making it bulge 

 downward, and in some cases perforating it, with a corresponding 

 falling in of the wall above, producing what is termed a drop 

 sole, which will be more or less marked according to the amount 

 of disorganization. I give two very interesting specimens of ex- 

 treme cases. The first was obtained by me of Prof. Cressy, of 

 Hartford, Conn. ; the second from a specimen furnished by the 

 Columbia Veterinary College, N. Y. They are drawn half size, 

 and are exact reproductions of the originals. When there is in- 

 flammation in the feet involving the bones, it is surprising to what 

 degree the pedal bone is liable to become absorbed, changed in form, 

 and have its texture weakened. Figs. 745 and 746, which were also 

 obtained from Dr. Cressy, show the great amount of change and 

 absorption that may be produced from this cause. They rep- 

 resent the superior and inferior views of a bone that had been 

 very much absorbed and turned up at the outer edge, cut in two, 

 and united to sections of an ordinarily healthy bone, to show the 

 extreme change produced in its form. The part outside the 

 dotted lines was so porous that it could be looked through as 



