884 DISEASES AND THEIK TEEATMENT. 



drawn, the fluid flows freely through the tube ; sometimes it gets 

 obstructed by coagula of lymph, which should be cleared by insert- 

 ing a small whalebone staff. Care must be taken not to allow air 

 to enter the cavity, as death has often occurred from this cause 

 during the operation. It is advised before making the incision to 

 draw the skin aside so as to form a valvular wound, at the same 

 time taking care to prevent the entrance of any air. The operation 

 may be repeated in a day or two on the other side ; but in most 

 cases the relief is but temporary. In any event tonic treatment, 

 such as sulphate of iron, tincture of gentian, stimulants and diuretics, 

 iodide of potassium, are to be depended upon if successful." 



Hydrothorax was a very common result of pleurisy, when 

 treated by bleeding, blistering, etc. The congestion or inflamma- 

 tion in the first place is due to debility, and bleeding only increases 

 it ; and especially when the bleeding is repeated, though for a 

 time there was apparent relief, fever and increased debility fol- 

 lowed, resulting usually unfavorably. 



The treatment advised for pleurisy, if the case is attended to 

 promptly, even though very severe, will be found so effective as 

 to leave but little probability of any serious effusion taking place. 



TYPHOID PNEUMONIA. 



Cause is mainly attributed to those influences which inter- 

 fere with the general health and vigor of the animal, among 

 which stand pre-eminently overcrowding, improper ventilation, 

 confinement in damp, filthy stables, drinking bad water, holding 

 in solution decomposing organic matters, insufficient nourishment, 

 and undue exposure, together with what may be termed, generally, 

 atmospheric causes. 



Symptoms. The horse is off his feed, disinclination to move, 

 appetite gone, pulse weak and low ; will sometimes eat a little, 

 will not lie down, stands hanging his head, is listless and stupid, 

 not much cough, rarely any discoloration of the membrane of the 

 nose or eyes ; urine scanty and high colored ; feces hard and 

 coated. After two or three days the membrane of the nose and 

 eyes is a little discolored or red, pulse quicker, 65 or 70, breathes 

 quicker. About the fourth or fifth day there is usually a discharge 

 from the nostrils, of a blackish brandy colored cerum. 



Treatment. As the word typhoid means low, it is necessary 

 to watch it carefully in that stage, which will last as described in 



