53 



especially gooseberries, tall gooseberries, and the dwarf variety of the 

 wild currant, privet, both varieties of lonicera, single red cedars* and 

 firs, especially Norway spruce, kept low by pollarding. If possible a 

 space of 1-1 J yards should be kept clear round the firs to prevent 

 them withering at the side. 



The whitethorn must, of course, be removed from the places which 

 these groups are to occupy. They can generally be made use of 

 elsewhere. 



Of course the copse can be properly planted in the first year, z.e., 

 the groups mentioned can be put in. It is merely a matter of con- 



Fig. 2. SHELTER-WOOD AFTER THE FIRST CUTTING. 



venience if they are not put in till the second year, since very often 

 when the plantation is begun the necessary plants are not all at hand. 



The bird-shelter wood has now been planted. At first it must be left 

 entirely to itself until in the third or fourth year, or, if the soil is 

 very bad, in the fifth year, it somewhat resembles Fig. 1. 



* The common juniper was used till recently at Seebach. Most breeders in 

 the open readily build in it ; but it was found that it unfortunately dropped its 

 dry sharp needles into the nests with eggs, which were then deserted by the birds. 



