60 



gooseberry (latterly especially Ribes grossularia arbor eum, and Ribes 

 pumilum, yew, privet, etc., which grows under the dense foliage of 

 trees), has been treated like the shelter- wood without in any way 

 producing a displeasing effect.* 



A peculiar place for nests, which has proved very successful, was 

 recently provided by tying several branches of a bush together, as may 

 be seen in the accompanying illustration, and in this simple fashion 

 forming the whorl-shaped foundation for nests. 



BUSHES TIED UP TO PROVIDE NESTING-PLACES. 



The success which has attended this mode of procedure is extra- 

 ordinary. Out of 50 bushes thus tied together, 47 were occupied the 

 first year. But, in spite of this, Baron von Berlepsch would only have 

 this done as a makeshift ; it serves merely as a temporary equivalent 

 for the whorls which are not yet ready. 



Mention has yet to be made of stacks of brushwood. These arrange- 

 ments for nests were made use of by birds elsewhere, but were less 



* Special stress is to be laid on the importance of producing undergrowth, 

 particularly on the outskirts of woods. All the plants recommended above 

 for the shelter-woods may be used. The varieties of Ribes, Lonicera, and privet 

 are the best able to bear shade. 



