Spraying 113 



and other cardinal methods in pomology and their impor- 

 tance is none the less because spraying has proved to be so 

 essential. Spraying is wholly a secondary operation, and 

 its importance is the greater as the other care of the plan- 

 tation is efficient, for the value of the product is thereby 

 heightened. Many old and neglected orchards are scarcely 

 worth the trouble and cost of spraying. The operation of 

 spraying is not always necessary, and it does not, there- 

 fore, always give beneficial results. Unless insect or fun- 

 gus troubles are present, there is no occasion for the oper- 

 ation; but inasmuch as these enemies are nearly always 

 troublesome, and as no one can definitely prognosticate 

 their absence, spraying comes to be an insurance. The 

 risk is too great to allow the practice to be omitted in any 

 year in apple and some other orchards, and the practice is 

 efficient only when it anticipates trouble." 



On this account and on account of the tact that so 

 many fruit growers have refused to spray, or spray in an 

 inefficient manner, the plant diseases have been increasing 

 in numbers each year in all fruit sections so that it is 

 highly important that every fruit grower realize the real 

 insurance value of spraying and prepare to do thorough 

 and effective work. In fact in some of the more pro- 

 gressive Western states where the fruit growers strive to 

 put out nothing but the highest class of products, state 

 laws have been enacted which make it imperative that an 

 orchardist spray his orchard for the control of insect 

 diseases, whether such pests are actually present in the 

 orchard or not. 



Hand and Power Pumps 



In commercial orchard practice there are only two types 

 of spraying machines that need to be considered, one of 

 these is the pumps that are operated by hand and the other 

 the pumps which are operated by power derived from 

 gas, compressed air, gasoline engine or traction power. 

 There are many different makes of each of these machines 

 and there are especially desirable features connected with 

 most all of them. However, it is the universal statement 



