118 The Fruit-Growers Guide-Book 



wears too fast. The nozzles especially need to be of brass, 

 and their weight, especially for power machines, is of no 

 serious consequence, as the back pressure from the pump 

 more than balances the weight. For general orchard spray- 

 ing the types of nozzles are limited to two. These are the 

 "bordeaux" and the large chambered nozzle. The bor- 

 deaux is the nozzle which is most desired for the first 

 spraying for codling moth, as practiced in the Western 

 states. The other is the best for use when a mist-like 

 spray is wanted, as is the case in the Middle Western and 

 Eastern states for applying bordeaux mixture. 



In sections where bordeaux mixture is most extensively 

 used it will be an advantage to have all of the working 

 parts of the machinery of brass, which comes in contact 

 "with the liquid, as this metal is not corroded by the spray 

 mixture, as is iron. But where lime-sulphur is used most, 

 then the working parts need to be of iron or steel, as this 

 mixture corrodes brass. On this account steel tanks are 

 coming into use in districts where lime-sulphur is used. 

 Such tanks are especially desirable, as they are lighter and 

 not liable to dry out, do not become waterlogged and are 

 far more convenient to handle in the field. 



In all machines it is important that there be an effective 

 agitator for keeping the liquids stirred constantly while 

 being applied to prevent the heavier part of the material 

 from settling to the bottom and causing irregularity in the 

 strength of the material that is applied. The most satis- 

 factory agitators for power machines are those which are 

 built on the propeller type, with blades sufficiently long 

 to cause vigorous circulation throughout the entire tank of 

 mixture when revolved at the usual rate of 120 revolutions 

 per minute. 



One of the greatest sources of lost time in a large or- 

 chard is reloading after the load is sprayed out, but this loss 

 of time can largely be eliminated if there are suitable con- 

 veniences for reloading. This should consist of a reloading 

 pump, unless the mixing station is on an elevated platform 

 above the level of the spray tank. There are two types of 

 reloading pumps that are available, one being the rotary 



