Apples 155 



serve as trap plants, drawing the insects away from the 

 ones that are to be used for cutting. 



Bean Weevil. This insect deposits its eggs on the 

 young pods and the larvae bore into the developing seeds, 

 where they do not reach maturity until fall. Then they 

 emerge if the season is warm, otherwise remaining in the 

 seed until spring. When present the beans should be 

 fumigated immediately after harvest, using one ounce of 

 carbon bisulphide for every hundred pounds of beans, and 

 leaving the bin closed for forty-eight hours. 



Fungous Diseases 



Apples 



Bitter Rot. The conditions most favorable to the de- 

 velopment of this disease are hot weather, accompanied by 

 frequent rains and heavy dews at the period when the fruit 

 is approaching maturity. Dry weather at that time will 

 not cause a serious outbreak of the disease. 



This is the most destructive fungous disease of the 

 apple, causing a greater actual'loss than does apple scab. 

 Fut its virulence varies greatly with local conditions, and 

 it may not cause serious trouble every year. It occurs 

 throughout the entire eastern part of the United States. 

 Tt appears on the fruit, causing it to rot, and is also found 

 on the branches in the form of cankers. On the fruit it 

 first appears as a small brown speck at about the time the 

 fruit is beginning to ripen. As soon as this spot attains a 

 size slightly smaller than a dime it becomes sunken in the 

 middle and produces numerous small pustules in concentric 

 lings, giving rise to the summer spores. The tissue of the 

 fruit near the rotting areas is decidedly bitter, from which 

 fact this fungus gets its name. The rotting areas continue 

 tc increase in size until the entire fruit decays. Many of 

 these decayed fruits do not drop from the trees, but re- 

 main hanging to the branches throughout the winter. In 

 the spring these "mummied" fruits, as they are called, give. 



