164 The Fruit-Growers Guide-Book 



affected plants as they appear, and before they begin to 

 shed their spores, is, perhaps, the best means of fighting 

 the disease. 



Grape 



Anthracnose. Anthracnose or bird's eye disease of the 

 grape is well distributed throughout the country. The 

 fungus causing it may be found on the canes, leaves and 

 fruit, although by far more commonly on the fruit. It 

 causes the formation of grayish spots which are bordered 

 with a purplish or reddish ring. It is difficult to control, 

 although those vineyards which are thoroughly sprayed 

 for black rot contain but little of the anthracnose. 



Black Rot. The berries are most severely affected by 

 this fungus, although the leaves are first attacked. On the 

 berries a circular black spot first appears, gradually en- 

 larging, and in the center of which small black pustules 

 appear, from which the spores of the fungus are liberated 

 It usually attacks the berries at about the time they are 

 two-thirds grown and will destroy the entire crop before 

 ripening time unless preventive measures are taken. 



The most effective treatment consists in spraying the 

 vines with bordeaux mixture at the time the buds -are be- 

 ginning to open, and then another application immediately 

 after the new shoots appear, but before the flowers open. 

 After blooming, the vines should have an application of 

 bordeaux every two weeks until five or six applications 

 have been made. If the disease appears at about the time 

 the fruit is beginning to ripen, ammoniacal copper carbon- 

 ate will be a better spray to use, as it will not soil the 

 appearance of the fruit. 



Downy Mildew. This disease is widely spread through- 

 out all of the grape producing sections of America and 

 Europe. The first indication of the disease is the forma- 

 tion of yellowish spots of irregular shape and size on the 

 upper surface of the leaf. On the under surface these spots 

 will be covered with a white downy growth on which the 

 spores of the fungus are produced. The fungus attacks 



