196 The Fruit-Growers Guide-Book 



if winter killing is liable to happen, they may be laid down 

 and covered. When they are lifted up they are tied 

 to the lower wires and the upper wire left for the new 

 canes as they appear. Where only a few hills are grown, 

 as for home use, it is always best to tie them to single 

 stakes. The only objection to this proceeding is that it 

 is liable to bunch the canes too much and cause more or 

 less loss from spotting of the leaves. Not more than three 

 canes should be allowed in a hill, where tied to stakes, and 

 only five or six in a hill where arranged on a trellis. 



In the Northwest a two-wire trellis is used for black- 

 berries, but the wires are placed at the same level, at- 

 tached to a strong cross bar firmly nailed to the posts. If 

 the rows are long, posts are set at intervals of twenty-five 

 feet in the row. A double wire is run down each side of 

 the cross arms, and the fruit producing canes are placed 

 between these wires before growth begins in the spring. 

 The canes are thus held firmly from bending over under 

 their weight of fruit, and are out where the fruit can be 

 most easily picked. The space between the wires is open 

 and for the exclusive use of the new canes. As soon as 

 the fruit is harvested the canes which have produced a 

 crop of fruit are cut out, and any new canes over five in 

 each hill. The most experienced growers prefer to have 

 only five canes in a hill, and all others are removed as fast 

 as they appear after the fruit is harvested. 



The Evergreen and Loganberry need to be grown on 

 trellis, as they make from twenty to forty feet of cane 

 a season, and it is out of the question to handle them 

 on the ground. When on trellises, the wires are ar- 

 ranged at levels of two and four feet, with the fruit bear- 

 ing canes on the upper wires and the young canes on the 

 lower. This keeps the canes where they can be reached, 

 and as these kinds of berries have such villainous thorns, 

 they must be trained so that they can be handled with the 

 least amount of punishment from the thorns. As soon as 

 the fruiting is over, the old canes are cut away and the 

 young canes are placed on the upper trellis where they will 

 receive the full sunlight and air. 



